EARLY
GERMAN SETTLEMENTS
IN WESTERN MARYLAND.
Early German Settlements in Western Maryland.
BY L. P. HENNIGHAUSEN.
settlement of the Germans in Western Maryland in col-
onial times was undoubtedly an important factor in the
development and history of our State. They not only increased
the numbers of our inhabitants but brought new industries
and arts, intelligence and learning, indomitable perseverance
and energy, but above all sturdy arms, an immense working
capacity and frugal, simple habits. They brought with them
their school teachers and their pastors, and one of their first
acts was to erect a school house and have their children taught
in the principles of Christianity, and the useful arts of life.
From them have sprung many illustrious men, who rendered
our nation great services, in times of war and peace, in the
council of the nation, on the judicial bench, in schools and
colleges, and in every other department of life. They turned
the wilderness of Frederick county of the year 1730 into a
blooming garden, so that in 1790 Frederick county was the
largest wheat producing county in the United States.
If our children or strangers learn the history of our State
from some of the so-called histories, until now published, they
will never become aware that a German ever set his foot on the
soil of Maryland in colonial times, or that the Germans
ever exercised any appreciable influence on the destiny of our
State. If German names have to be mentioned they are angli-
sized and corrupted beyond recognition. In some of these
histories the immigration of the Germans is merely mentioned.
All they deem worth relating is the succession of the Eng-
lish officers, the political conflicts, and constant reference
to the English home government. This is only a partial his-
tory, but not the history of the people of our State. It is my
object by this historical sketch to draw the attention to some
facts relating to the early German immigration to Maryland.
14
Maryland was an insignificant colony before the German
immigration set in. It was first settled in 1633 and, after a
period of fifty-six years, in 1689 it had only about 25,000 in-
habitants. The immigration from England had, after the re-
storation, practically ceased. In the next 21 years, until 1710,
the population increased only 5,000, for it then numbered but
30,000 inhabitants: in 1733 the number of taxable inhabitants
of the colony which comprised all males above the age of 15
years and all negroes, was but 31,470. About this time the
Germans began to arrive in large numbers and, fifteen years
later, the population had increased to 130,000, which was
more than double the number of the preceding 100 years;
in 1756 it had 154,188 and in 1761 164,007 inhabitants.
How much of this remarkable increase from the years 1733
to 1761 is to be credited to the German immigration must
remain a mere surmise. The following facts may help us to
form some estimate.
The immigration of Germans to Pennsylvania had com-
menced in larger numbers as early as 1683, and by their num-
bers and industry, this province soon surpassed the other col-
onies, which attracted the attention of the Governors of Vir-
ginia and Maryland. In the year 1714 twelve German families,
consisting of fifty members, had arrived and settled on the
Rappahannock River in Virginia, in 1717 twenty German fam-
ilies with eighty members followed and settled in the same
neighborhood. They built a church, and enjoyed the special
favor and friendship of Governor Spottswood, others continued
to follow, and the German settlement in Virginia was in reg-
ular communication with the Germans in Pennsylvania. It
was in consequence of this settlement and the kindness of Governor
Spottswood shown them, that the German-Pennsylvanians in the
last century called Virginia by no other name than Spottsyl-
vania. The first opened road from Lancaster, York and Han-
over to the Virginia settlements was by the Monocacy river
to the Potomac. About 1729 the first Germans drifted into
Maryland near the Monocacy river, and between the years 1732
and 1734 the first German church in Maryland was erected on
the West side of the Monocacy, where the Virginia road crossed
the river, about ten miles above where Frederick town was
afterward laid out.
15
The Governor, of Virginia and afterwards Lord Fairfax
made strenuous efforts to direct the German immigration to
Virginia, and in 1732 the Governor ceded a tract of land of
some 25,000 acres to a certain Jost Hite, a German, and Jacob
van Meeter, a Dutchman, on condition that they would settle
200 German families on the land ceded to them. Hite and
van Meeter traversed Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Germany
in search of the immigrants, and directed them by the road of
the Monocacy to Virginia. Charles Lord Baltimore, Governor of
Maryland, to outdo the Governor of Virginia, thereupon, on the
2nd of March 1732, made the liberal offer of 200 acres of land in
fee, subject to a rent of 4 shillings sterling per year (payable
at the end of three years) for every hundred acres, to any
person having a family, who should within three years actually
settle, with his or her family, on the land between the rivers
Potomac and Susquehanna; and to each single person, male
or female, between the age of fifteen and thirty, an offer of
one hundred acres of the same land on the same terms, with
the assurance that they should be as well secured in their
liberty and property in Maryland, as in any part of the British
plantations in America, without exception.
The settlers on their way to Spottsylvania, seeing the rich
soil of Frederick county, offered to them on such liberal terms,
did not proceed further but stuck their spades into the ground
right then and there, and in a few years there was a prosper-
ous settlement in and about Monocacy. From there they
spread East, South, and West, but for many years the church
at Monocacy was their meeting place. It was a frame build-
ing and was there until the end of the 18th century, when it
was abandoned, and no vestige of it remains to mark the spot
where it stood. Its members joined the more prosperous
churches at Frederick and other places, and as the old town
of Joppa was absorbed by Baltimore, so Frederick took in
Monocacy. The first church was of the Lutheran denomina-
tion, a German reformed church was organized soon thereafter
and appears to have been more prosperous than the Lutheran.
The Moravians at an early period sent their Missionary George
Ninke and his wife to Monocacy, who made deep inroads into
the Lutheran church, and caused much bitter feeling and
strife amongst its members. The Moravians, however, left
16
Monocacy about the year 1746 taking with them many set-
tlers, and founded a church at Graceham. The names of the
first ministers at Monocacy are not known. Rev. David Can-
dler preached there, in and before the year 1743; he died in
Conewego, Pa., in 1744. Rev. Lars Nieberg of the Swedish
Lutheran church, who preached in the German language, was
for some years the pastor of the Monocacy Lutheran church,
and preached also at Frederick, but in 1745 or the beginning
of 1746 he joined the Moravians, and his congregation dis-
missed him, Germans had settled about Frederick as early as
1734. In 1735 about one hundred families arrived from Ger-
many. Among them was Thomas Schley, their school teacher,
who is said to have erected the first house in Frederick, but
the town of Frederick was not laid out until the year 1745,
and three years after, in 1748, Frederick county was organized
and Frederick made the county seat, and thereby soon rose
into prominence. We have no information of the time when
the German church was organized in Frederick but it may be
safely presumed from what we know of Mr. Thomas Schley, that
it was soon after his arrival as early as 1735 or 1736. He
belonged to the German Reformed Church. The Lutherans
organized at a later period, and until then attended the Mono-
cacy church. The first entry in the Lutheran church register
of baptism at Frederick is dated the 22d of August 1737. It
was a son of Frederick Unsult who was christened by a Rev.
Mr. Wolf. It is surmised, however, that the christening of this
child actually took place in New Jersey, where the Rev. Mr. Wolf
was stationed, and the entry in Frederick was made at a later
period. From the year 1741 a regular church registry of
baptisms etc., in the Lutheran church, in the German lan-
guage, was kept in Frederick, and in the year 1743 a German
Lutheran church, a frame building, was erected. When Rev.
David Candler came there in 1743 he found an organized
congregation. In the year 1745 or 1746, Carl Rudolph, Prince
of Würtemberg, as he styled himself, came to Monocacy and
Frederick. He was a talented and gifted rogue, who pretended
to be a regular ordained minister of the German Lutheran
Church, and supported his claim by forged documents and let-
ters. He led a most dissolute, immoral life, and wherever he
came he brought scandal, strife and disgrace. He had been
17
among the Salzburgers at Ebenezer in Georgia, and preached
the Gospel, but, getting into conflict with the criminal law,
he left, remaining for a while in the German settlements of
the Carolinas. He next visited the German settlements in Mad-
ison county, Va., where his conduct was again the cause of a
great scandal. When he came to Maryland he succeeded in
obtaining the charge of a German and of an English congrega-
tion, and for a time was the regular pastor of the German
Lutheran church at Monocacy. From Monocacy he drifted
into Pennsylvania, then to New Jersey, and from there to the
New England States, where he enlisted in the army and, com-
mitting a crime, was sent to prison and not heard of there-
after. The Monocacy Lutheran Church then appealed to the
Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania to send them a minister, and
the Rev. Dr. Mühlenberg requested Rev. G. Nasman, of Phil-
adelphia, to visit the churches at Monocacy. In October 1746
Rev. G. Nasman arrived at Monocacy, and on the 31st of the
month preached, and baptized six infants and a young man of
19 years. He found the entries of 54 baptisms in the Luth-
eran church register. The best report of the Monocacy settle-
ment is given by Rev. Michael Schlatter, the organizer of the
German Reformed church in North America. He arrived for
the first time at Monocacy on the 6th of May, 1747, and on.
the following day baptized twenty-six children; on the 8th he
administered the Lord's supper to eighty-six members of his
church, and after Divine service was ended, 46 heads of fam-
ilies at once offered to raise for the support of a minister, in
money and grain, the amount of forty pounds. Schlatter re-
marks in his report that, if this congregation were united with
the German Reformed church at Conogocheague, lying 30
miles distant, these two would be able to support a minister.
Conogocheague was the first settlement in Washington county
and entirely settled by Germans. He ordained elders and
deacons at Monocacy and, speaking of the church, he says it
appeared to him to be one of the purest in the whole coun-
try, one in which, he found the most traces of the true fear of God,
and one that was free from the sects with which the other
places of the country were filled. For, on 7,000 acres in that
neighborhood, there were none but such as were of the Ger-
man Reformed faith. On the 24th of June, 1747, about seven
18
weeks after the visit of Rev. Mr. Schlatter, the Rev. Heinrich
Melchior Mühlenberg, the great organizer of the German Luth-
eran Church in America, arrived at the Monocacy. He found the
German Lutherans not in as good a condition as Mr. Sehlatter
found the German Reformed. The Moravians had been among
them, and many Lutherans had joined the Moravians under
the charge of Mr. Geo. Ninke, and the Faithful, after they
had dispensed with the services of Rev. Lars Wieberg on ac-
count of his leaning to the Moravian church, had elected the
notorious Carl Rudolph as their pastor, who had brought dis-
grace upon them before he left. Mühlenberg conducted the
service in the Lutheran church and tried, but did not succeed
to reconcile the members who had joined the Moravians. By
these reports it appears that more than a thousand Germans
must then have lived near Monocacy.
On the 25th of June Mühlenberg proceeded to the newly
laid out town of Frederick to visit the Lutherans, who had
settled there and belonged to the Monocacy church. He com-
plains that a certain N. Schmist, formerly a dentist of New
Hanover, who since 1736 professed to be a minister of the
Gospel, and had removed from Pennsylvania to Virginia, and
then, returned to Frederick, had officiated there as a clergy-
man. On the 7th of May, 1748, Rev. M. Schlatter again vis-
ited Monocacy, and the following day he proceeded to the
newly laid out town Frederick and preached a sermon, in the
school house. The German Reformed congregation were then
in the act of erecting a church. He started from there to visit
the German settlements in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia,
and an elder from Frederick voluntarily accompanied him.
After a journey of thirty-four miles they arrived the next morn-
ing in the westernmost settlement of Maryland, Conogo-
cheague. It was the first settlement in the present Washing-
ton county and remained for many years, and until after the
French-Indian war, the frontier settlement. The first settlers
there were Germans and members of the Reformed and Lutheran
churches. At the time Rev. Mr. Schlatter visited the settle-
ment, there were still many Indians in the neighborhood.
They seemed to him to be well disposed and very obliging,
and when not made drunk by strong drink, friendly towards
Christians (Schlatter 174). The settlers, however, had built
19
a stockade fort near Clear Spring and on the Potomac,
in which their families took refuge when the Indians became
hostile. Among the earliest German settlers in this neighbor-
hood, were the Prathers, the Pols (Poes), Brinkers, Kerchners,
Seiberts, Seller, Prices and Jonathan Hager, the founder of
Hagerstown. Rev. Mr. Schlatter and his friend received a hospi-
table welcome at Conogocheague. He preached there the next
day, on the 9th of May, 1748, to the German Reformed con-
gregation. After the sermon he left and traveled ten miles
further to the Potomac river and, crossing over into Virginia,
he continued fifteen miles without having seen either a house
or a human being. On the 10th they took their dinner at
Fredericktown, Va., afterward called Winchester. In the eve-
ning he came to the German Reformed congregation at She-
nandoah river, now Strassburg. He preached there on the
11th to a large number of hearers, baptized many children
and adult persons. The next day he proceeded forty-two miles
up the valley to New-Germantown, now New-Market, preached
there to a large congregation, and on the 13th, in the after-
noon, they retraced their steps to Frederick, Md. On the 15th
he preached there in the new church which was then not yet
completed. After the sermon he administered the Lord's sup-
per to ninety-seven members, baptized a number of children,
married three couples and installed new elders and deacons.
Referring to this congregation, he writes: It is of great ad-
vantage to this congregation, that they have the best school-
master I have met with in America. He spares neither
labor nor pains in instructing the young and in edifying the
congregation according to his ability, by means of singing and
reading the word of God and sermons on every Lord's day.
This schoolteacher was the Mr. Thomas Schley already men-
tioned. He was a man of learning and an accomplished mu-
sician. He is the ancestor of William Schley, who emigrated
to Georgia, and was in 1825 elected Judge of the Superior
Court, in 1832 Member of Congress, and in 1835 Governor of
Georgia; of John Schley, who was elected Judge of the Su-
preme Bench of Georgia; of William Schley, the late disting-
uished lawyer in our city of Baltimore; of Col. Wm. Louis
Schley, in the late war; of Capt. Winfield S. Schley, the com-
mander of the U. S. Cruiser "Baltimore", and other famous
20
men of that name. About the time when Mr. Schley was
the teacher of the German Reformed, Otto Rudolph Crecelins
was the schoolteacher at the German Lutheran school at Fred-
erick. After Crecelins came Theodor Frederick Haux, born 1723
in Kummern, Germany, who arrived here in 1753 and taught
for forty-one years school at the Lutheran church in Frederick,
three years in Sharpsburg, and six and a half years in Mid-
dletown, Md. He was highly esteemed and died in Frederick
on the 14th of March, 1802. In the year 1749 the venerable Rev.
Valentine Kraft settled in Frederick and preached there until
his death in 1751. He had been a Lutheran minister at
Zweibrücken in Germany and as an old man emigrated
to America in 1742. He was pastor at Mossellen, German-
town, and Lancaster, before he came to Frederick. His close
association with the Moravians estranged him from his Luth-
eran brethren. In 1751, a former school teacher, by the name
of Streiter, came to Frederick and took charge of the Luth-
eran church. He had been a pastor at Indianfield and Gosch-
enhoppen, Pa., and claimed to be an ordained minister, which
was however disputed. The pastor of the English Episcopal
church thereupon applied to the Court for an injunction to
restrain the Rev. Mr. Streiter from marrying people. The Court
did not grant the injunction, but told the Rev. Mr. Streiter he
should confine himself to marrying only German people. In 1752
arrived Rev. Mr. Frankenfeld, of the German Reformed church.
Rev. M. Schlatter who had been on a visit to Europe had
brought him, with five more ministers, from Germany. He
accompanied him to Frederick town and duly installed him as
the pastor of the German Reformed church in May 1753. The
emigration of the Germans to Western Maryland had at first
extended from the German settlements of Pennsylvania, then
from Germany to Philadelphia, and by way of Lancaster to
Maryland. Knowledge of the rich soil and the liberal terms
on which it could be obtained, became more widely spread in
the old fatherland, and the emigrant ships, instead of landing
as heretofore in Philadelphia, now sailed up Chesapeake
Bay and landed their passengers in Annapolis and Baltimore.
The records are partly lost and destroyed, we know of only
four ships which landed 1060 emigrants at Annapolis in the
years 1752 to 1755, and have no record of the emigrants land-
21
ing at the port of Baltimore during colonial times. From these
ports the emigrants journeyed to Baltimore, Carroll and Fre-
derick counties, taking up the rich farm land, and forming
settlements. On the 14th of October, 1752, Christopher B.
Meyer, a prominent citizen and former notary of the city of Ulm,
Germany, and his son-in-law, the Rev. Bernhard M. Hausihl,
(his descendants write their name Houseal), landed at Anna-
polis on the ship Patience. Mr. Meyer, a cousin of Christian
Meyer, the first president of the German Society of Maryland,
had letters of introduction from Lord Cecilius Calvert. Rev. Mr.
Hausihl was a graduate of the University of Strassburg and a
highly accomplished and talented man. His descendants are now
members of the English nobility. He received a call to the
Lutheran church at Frederick, which he accepted and, on his
arrival there, the Rev. Mr. Streiter left for other fields. We sup-
pose it was by the influence of Mr. Hausihl's father-in-law
(C. B. Meyer) that Daniel Dulaney, the original owner of the land
upon which Frederick is built, deeded on the 30th of May,
1752, for a nominal consideration, a lot of ground in Frederick
for the erection, of a German Lutheran church. Under the ener-
getic guidance of Rev. Mr. Hausihl the Lutherans laid the foun-
dation of a fine stone church and commenced to build, but
unforseen sad events interrupted the progress, and ten years
passed before they could dedicate their new church to the
service of the Lord. The French-Indian war broke out in its
fury, the formerly well-disposed Indians, instigated by French
money and influence, at midnight set the torch to the homes
and barns of the peaceable settlers in Frederick county,
and massacred whosoever fell into their hands. The men brought
their families to places of safety and, instead of the plough,
took guns and swords in their hands. Washington writes
in 1756: "The whole settlement of Conogocheague has
fled, and there remain now only two families from there to
Fredericktown. It was in these troublesome times that the famous
Indian fighters, the Prathers, Pohs (Poes) in Maryland, and the
Wetzels in Va., all German settlers, first became known. Col.
Thomas Prather lived two miles from Conogocheague and was the
commander of the Frederick county militia (Md. Archiv 1757-'61
page ). The old stockade fort was in 1755 rebuilt by the Govern-
ment at an expense of upward of £6000 and named Fort Fred-
22
erick. It was quadrangular in form, the exterior lines being 120
yards each, with heavy stone wall bastions and curtains, with
barracks sufficient to accomodate 300 men. The fort was for a
time under the command of Col. F. Haldimand, a German
Swiss officer, commissioned by the English Government. A
number of smaller stockade forts within convenient distance
from each other were also built along the frontier. General
Sharp, in his report to the Governor, praises the alacrity of
the men of Frederick county in enlisting as volunteers for the
war. Fort Frederick was garrisoned by Frederick county mi-
litia men, and 200 volunteered to strengthen the distant
Fort Cumberland, an outpost in that war. Captains Butler,
Middagh, and Brengle, are names of German settlers men-
tioned in this war. The capture of Fort de Quesne (Pittsburg)
by the British in 1758 subdued the Indians, and the farmers
returned to their homesteads, peace and quietness following the
turmoil of war in Western Maryland. The Lutherans at Fred-
erick began again to build their church, but their talented
Pastor Hausihl left in 1758 and went to New York where
he became a prominent figure in the Revolutionary War.
The great burden and complaint of the German settlers in
Maryland at that time, was, that in addition to the expense
of maintaining their own churches and schools, they were
also compelled to contribute to the support of the English
Episcopal church, and this was one of the causes which led
them to espouse unanimously the cause of Independence
in the ensuing war. Rev. Mr. Mühlenberg came to Frederick in
1759 and remonstrated in a letter to the Governor of Maryland
about the injustice of this taxation and claimed an apportion-
ment among the different churches, but without success.
The English church being at the time without a minister,
Mühlenberg preached for them, and they offered to elect him
their pastor, but he declined. In 1762 Rev. J. C. Hartwig,
an eloquent, learned minister of the Lutheran church and a
close friend of Lord Fairfax of Virginia came to Frederick.
Some of his relatives had settled there. He remained and
officiated for a time and dedicated the new Lutheran church
which was now completed. (The old church was afterwards
used as a school-house.) He declined however to accept the
permanent position as their pastor. He also declined the same
23
offer from the Zion Church in Baltimore where he preached
at different times, saying he could not bind himself anywhere
to a congregation. He became the founder of the Hartwig
Seminary in the State of New York. In October 1763 the
Lutheran Synod of Pennsylvania sent the Rev. Samuel Schwerd-
feger to Frederick who remained there as their pastor until
1768. Schwerdfeger was raised an orphan at Neustadt in
Bavaria, and was a graduate of the University of Erlangen.
He had studied law and theology. He was very poor and as
a young man of 24 years, fell into the hands of emigrant
runners, who shipped him as a redemptioner to Baltimore.
He arrived here in the Spring, 1753, and was offered as "a studi-
ous theologian" for sale for a term of years, to pay for his pas-
sage. The Lutheran Congregation of York, Pa., being at the
time at loggerheads with their good old Pastor Rev. Mr. Schaum,
heard of this bargain and concluded to buy Schwerdfeger as
their pastor. He remained at York until 1758, when he went
to Earltown and from there to Frederick. In 1768 he paid
a visit to Germany. The Rev. J. C. Hartwig took charge of
his congregation daring his absence, but when Schwerdfeger
returned, his congregation refused to take him again, and gave
a call to Rev. John Andrew Krug of Reading, Pa. one of the
German missionaries; Rev. Mr. Krug accepted, and remained their
pastor until his death the 30th of March 1796. He is said to
have been a worthy, honest and godly man of humble demeanor.
We find from his entries in church records, that he married
and baptized many of the prominent English residents, and 300
communicants of the town and county. In the colonial time
there were large German settlements, at Middletown, Shep-
pardtown, Creagerstown, Sharpsburg, Hagerstown, Taneytown,
Thomas Creek, Point Creek, St. John, Littletown, Owens Creek,
Conogoeheaque, Mechanicstown, Union Bridge, Emmitsburg,
Woodsborough &c.
In most of these settlements they had German schools and
religious services in the German language. Rev. Mr. Wildbahn
attended to eight of these congregations.
In 1763 I find Ludwig Weltner entered as a resident of
Frederick. He was first a Major and then the Colonel of the
German regiment in the Maryland line during the war of
Independence. The war of Independence was very popular
24
among the Germans of Maryland and it is said that there was
not a single tory among them. Among the officers of Fred-
erick county were Col. Geo. Stricker, Col. Ludwig Weltner,
Major Heinrich Hartman, Jacob Miller, Captains Michael
Rudolph, Charles Baltzell and Michael Boyer. On September the
12th a revolutionary committee of observation for Frederick
County was chosen at the court house in Frederick and George
Stricter, John Steiner, Adam Fisher, Conrad Grosch, John
Adlum and John Haas, old German settlers, were among the
numbers. How many of the Germans of Frederick joined the
army in the war for Independence I do not know. The
church register of the German Lutheran church in Fred-
erick contains 180 births in the year 1772, 107 in 1776,
and only 65 in 1777, 89 in 1778, 127 in 1779, 118 in 1780,
96 in 1781, 103 in 1782, 152 in 1783, 124 in 1784, 176 in
1785, when it rises to the normal condition as before the war.
The early German settlers raised large families; among
others I found in the church register:
1) John Michael Roemer, born Sept. 3, 1715 in Burkenau,
Germany, settled near Frederick in 1738, died there November
24, 1801; had 2 sons and 6 daughters, left surviving him 2
sons, 3 daughters, 37 grandchildren, 51 great grandchildren
and 7 great great grandchildren. (103 descendants.)
2) Anna Barbara Hoehn, wife of Jacob Hoehn, born 1710
in Grossenbach, Palatinate, came here 1738, died Sept. 16,1764;
had 6 daughters and 1 son, left surviving her 5 daughters and
1 son, 52 grandchildren and 1 great grandchild. (60 descendants.)
3) Eva Rosina Boehm, born 1690 in Sickingen, came to
Frederick 1753, died 1774; had 3 sons and 6 daughters, left
surviving 3 sons, 3 daughters, 58 grandchildren, and 32 great
grandchildren. (99 descendants.)
4) Anna Juliana Bene, born 1715 at Newvied, married in
1730 Rev. Streiter, died 1774; 11 children, 6 grandchildren and
29 great grandchildren surviving her. (46 descendants.)
5) Hans Friedrich Geyer, born 1696 in Langensalze, died
in Frederick July 2, 1775; was twice married and left 17
children; his grandson Henry S. Geyer, born in Frederick
1798, removed in early life to Missouri, became a prominent
lawyer, and was in 1851 elected U. S. Senator to succeed
Senator Benton, serving till 1857 and died 1859.
6) Michael Spohn, born 1701 in Estadt, died in Frederick
1779; had 16 children, of whom 14 survived him, grandchildren
not given.
7) Sybilla Wehage, born in Germany, came here 1727, died
March 10, 1776, left 62- descendants surviving her.
8) John Conrad Grosch, born 1717 in Germany, died 1794;
left 55 descendants.
9) Susanna Apfal, born 1703 in Wurtemberg, came 1713
with her parents to this country, died 1773 at Frederick; left
37 descendants.
Many of the descendants of the early German settlers of
Maryland, were our western Pioneers, and their families are
now found in every Western State up to the Pacific Coast.
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