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A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY 1886-1986 PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND 1986 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 40 VOLUME XL 1986 A JOURNAL OF GERMAN-AMERICAN HISTORY PUBLISHED BY THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND EDITED BY KLAUS WUST BALTIMORE, MARYLAND COPYRIGHT 1987 THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND P.O. Box 22585 BALTIMORE, MARYLAND 21203 ISSN: 0148-7787 PRINTED   IN   THE   UNITED   STATES   OF   AMERICA BY J. H. FURST COMPANY, BALTIMORE, MARYLAND TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE MEMBERS AND OFFICERS         ......... 4 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY , 1886-1986    ........ 5 TO OUR READERS     ............ 7 TRADITION AND CONTINUITY : ONE SOCIETY THAT SURVIVED By HAROLD JANTZ  .......... 9 THE EMIGRATION SEASON OF 1738 — YEAR OF THE DESTROYING ANGEL By KLAUS WUST     .......... 21 THE EXPERIENCE OF INDENTURED SERVANTS FROM GERMANY AND IRELAND : GUARANTEED EMPLOYMENT, EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITY OR LAST RESORT By MARIANNE S. WOKECK     ........ 57 PEOPLE OF CHOICE : DECISION-MAKING IN AN EIGHTEENTH CENTURY SWISS -GERMAN PEASANT FAMILY By LEO SCHELBERT   ......... 77 IN MEMORIAM   ............ 96 [3] MEMBERS AND OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND 1986 DR . GEORGE BEICHL MRS. LlESELOTTE H. BlEBER RUDOLF W. BIENBACH MRS . IRENE BLACK DANDRIDGE BROOKE DR . ROBERT E. CAZDEN DR . SIEGFRIED M. CLEMENS ROBERT M. CREAGER DIANA CUNNINGHAM MRS . BRYCE W. DAY DR . RANDALL P. DONALDSON DR . MARTIN W. DONNER DR . WILLIAM DURDEN DE . ELKE DURDEN CLEMENT D. EBHABDT, JR. HON . JOHN F. FADER MRS . BRIGITTE V. FESSENDEN DR . HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN MRS . ELLIOT F. GROSS ESTHER M. HAM ILSE M. HARROP DAVID P. HIVELY BEVERLY REPASS HOCH DR . GUY T. HOLLYDAY DR . KENNETH HOBVATH DR . HAROLD JANTZ DR . GEORGE FENWICK JONES DR . PETER F. JORDAN OTTO H. KAPPUS DR . WERNER A. KOHLMEYER DR . HERTHA H. KROTKOFF DR . LIESELOTTE E. KURTH MRS . PETER LEICHNER DR . RICHARD LINDENBERG ELIZABETH LITZINGER WALTER G. LOHR, SR. WALTER G. LOHR, JR. WILLIAM LYON -VAIDEN DR . WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN MRS . ROMEO MCCLARRY MR . AND MRS. HUGH J. MONAGHAN JOHN E. MOTZ DR . ARMIN MRUCK GARY E. MYER-BRUGGEY PASTOR LARRY M. NEFF MRS . VINCENT J. OLIVER DR . MARY O'NEILL HERBERT G. OTTER, SR. PASTOR HANS -JOACHIM OTTO BERNARD C. PETER THEODORE POTTHAST , JR. DR . JAMES W. POULTNEY MRS . A. J. PRAHL GUENTHER E. REINSBERG DR . DONALD J. REITZ JOHN A. ROBINSON LEWIS B. ROHRBACH DR . MAY ROSWELL GEORGE F. SANDER, JR. DR . BEATRICE SARLOS VOLKER K . SCHMEISSNER WILLIAM SCHNEIDEREITH , JR. MRS . DOROTHEA O. SELETZKY REV . DAVID SHIPLEY FREDERICK J. SINGLEY, JR. A. RUSSELL SLAGLE ROBERT LEE SLINGLUFF MRS . ELEANOR SNYDER MRS . CHARLES F. STEIN CHARLES F. STEIN, III GORDON M. F. STICK, JR. MRS . W. WALLACE SYMINGTON, JR. D. H. TOLZMANN ANNA K. VON SCHWERDTNER DR . EDITH VON ZEMENSZKY RANDALL WARD FREDERICK WEHRENBERG ALLEN WEIRICK PASTOR FREDERICK S. WEISER DR . JOHN R. WESKE VERNON H. WIESAND CARL H. WINKLER JUDGE GERARD W. WITTSTADT MR . AND MRS. NELSON WOLFSHEIMER KLAUS WUST DR . JOSEPH ZEBLEY DR . CARRIE-MAY KURRELMEYER ZINTL [4] OFFICERS DR . CARRIE-MAY KURRELMEYER ZINTL .............. President VERNON H. WIESAND ............................. First Vice-President DR. WILLIAM McCLAIN ........................... Second Vice-President DR. WILLIAM DURDEN ............................ Secretary ELIZBETH LITZINGER ............................. Treasurer EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE DR . ELKE DURDEN DR . HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN DR . G. KENNETH HORVATH DR . HAROLD JANTZ DR . GEORGE FENWICK JONES DR . PETER JORDAN GARY E. MYER-BRUGGEY THEODORE POTTHAST JR. , JR. FREDERICK WEHRENBERG PASTOR FBEDERICK S. WEISER KLAUS WUST OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY FOR THE HISTORY OF THE GERMANS IN MARYLAND, 1886-1986 PRESIDENTS REV . JOHN GOTTLIEB MORRIS. ... .1886-1895 REV . BENJAMIN SADTLER. ........ 1896-1900 LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN ........ 1901-1906 DR . ERNEST J. BECKER. .......... 1907-1911 LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN. ....... 1912-1917 GEORGE PRECHTEL . .............. 1918-1929 THOMAS FOLEY HISKY . .......... 1930-1936 PROF . WILLIAM KURRELMEYER.... 1937-1951 ROBERT LEE SLINGLUFF , JR. ...... 1951-1956 PROF . A. E. ZUCKER. ............ 1956-1962 OTTO H. FRANKE. ............... 1962-1967 PROF . A. J. PRAHL .............. 1967-1970 CHARLES F. STEIN, JR.. .......... 1971-1975 PROF . HAROLD JANTZ ............ 1975-1978 DR . ©.-M. KURRELMEYER ZINTL. ..1978- FIRST VICE-PRESIDENTS LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN. . ...... 1886-1895 REV . HENRY SCHEIB. ............ 1896-1897 LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN ........ 1897-1900 GEORGE W. GAIL ................ 1901-1905 PROF . OTTO FUCHS .............. 1906-1907 PROF . HENRY WOOD. ............ 1907-1918 GEORGE PRECHTEL ............... 1912-1917 DR . ERNEST J. BECKER. ......... .1911-1917 HENRY G. HILKEN .............. 1918-1937 J. GEORGE MOHLENRICH .......... 1938-1940 PROF . A. E. ZUCKER. ............ 1940-1956 DR . ERNEST G. SCHWIEBERT. .... .1956-1958 PROF . E. O. VON SCHWERDTNER. . .1958-1962 PROF . A. J. PRAHL. ............. 1962-1967 PROF . HAROLD JANTZ ............ 1967-1975 A. RUSSELL SLAGLE. ............ 1975-1983 VERNON H. WIESAND ............ 1983- SECOND VICE-PRESIDENTS CHARLES WEBER , JR. ............ 1886-1887 PHILIP AUGUST ALBRECHT . ...... 1888-1889 PROF . OTTO FUCHS .............. 1889-1890 REV . HEHRY SCHEIB ............. 1891-1895 LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN. ....... 1896-1897 EDWARD F. LEYH. .............. 1897-1901 PROF . OTTO FUCHS .............. 1902-1905 PROF . HENRY WOOD. ............ 1906-1907 REV . FR. PH. HENNIGHAUSEN. .... 1907-1911 GEORGE PRECHTEL ............... 1912-1917 LOUIS C . SCHNEIDEREITH. ........ 1918-1922 C. OTTO SCHOENRICH ............ 1923-1929 THEODORE G. KRUG. ............. 1930-1937 LEWIS KURTZ . .................. 1938-1951 PROF . ARNO C. SCHIBOKAUER. .... 1951-1954 REV . FRITZ O. EVERS ............ 1955-1959 REV . EDWARD F. ENGELBERT. ..... 1959-1965 PROF . HAROLD JANTZ ............ 1965-1967 CHARLES F. STEIN, JR. .......... 1967-1971 A. RUSSELL SLAGLE. ............ 1971-1975 VERNON H. WIESAND ............ 1976-1983 DR . WILLIAM MCCLAIN .......... 1983- TREASURERS EDWARD   NIEMANN .............. 1886-1888 ROBERT M. ROTHER. ............. 1889-1929 CONRAD C. RABBE. .............. 1930-1937 CHARLES F. STEIN, JR. ........... 1938-1967 DR . MORGAN H. PRITCHETT. ...... 1967-1971 GORDON M. F. STICK, SR.. ....... 1971-1978 DANDRIDGE BBOOKE . ............. 1978-1983 ELIZABETH   LITZINGER . .......... 1983- [5] SECRETARIES REV . FR. PH. HENNIGHAUSEN. .. .1886-1905 J. LEONARD HOFFMAN. .......... 1905-1911 J. CONRAD UHLIG. .............. 1911-1913 DR . JOHANNES MATTERN. ........1913-1917 ANDREW H. METTEE. ............ 1918-1933 CHARLES H. MIEGEL ............. 1934-1944 PROF . DIETER CUNZ. ............ 1944-1956 PROF . AUGUSTUS J. PRAHL. ...... 1956-1962 DR . MORGAN H. PHITCHETT. ...... 1962-1983 DR . WILLIAM DURDEN ........... 1983- CHAIRMEN OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE DR . LEWIS H. STEINER. .......... 1886-1891 EDWARD F. LEYH ................ 1892-1893 CHARLES F. RADDATZ ............ 1893-1901 REV . EDWARD HUBER. ........... 1901-1906 LOUIS P. HENNIGHAUSEN ........ 1907-1911 KARL A. M. SCHOLTZ ............ 1912-1941 CARL L. NITZE. ................. 1942-1949 R. LEE SLINGLUFF, JR. ........... 1949-1951 LEWIS KURTZ . .................. 1951-1954 OTTO H. FRANKE. ............... 1954-1962 PROF . HAROLD JANTZ. ........... 1962-1965 WILLIAM T. SNYDER, JR. ......... 1965-1981 MEMBERS OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE  1925-1986 C. WILLIAM SCHNEIDEREITH ..... 1925-1926 PROF . WILLIAM KURRELMEYER. .. .1926-1937 ANDREW H. METTEE. ............ 1926-1929 J. GEORGE MOHLHENRICH ........ 1926-1938 LEWIS KURTZ . .................. 1926-1938 DR . HANS FROELICHER. .......... 1929-1930 CHARLES F. STEIN, JR. .......... 1936-1938 PROF . JOHN C. HEMMETER. ....... 1930-1931 CARL W. PRIOR. ................ 1937-1939 REV . JOHN G. HACKER, S.J....... 1938-1946 DR . ERNEST J. BECKER. .......... 1939-1949 R. LEE SLINGLUFF, JR. ........... 1939-1951 REV . FRITZ O. EVANS ............. 1942-1955 WALTER E. BEUCHELT. ........... 1944-1951 HERBERT W. SCHAEFER. .......... .1949-1951 REV . EDWARD F. ENGELBERT. ..... 1949-1953 PROF . AUGUSTUS J. PRAHL. ...... 1951-1956 WILLIAM T. SNYDER, JR.. ........ 1951-1981 HERBERT F. KUENNE. ........... 1953-1958 PROF . WILLIAM H. MCCLAIN. .... 1955- KARL F. STEINMANN ............ 1956-1958 PROF . O. E. VON SCHWERDTNER. ... 1956-1957 KARL W. SCHLITZ. .............. 1957-1958 PROF . HAROLD JANTZ ............ 1958- A. RUSSELL SLAGLE. ............ 1958-1971 KLAUS G. WUST ................ 1958- ALBERT P. BACKHAUS ........... 1962-1975 PROF . CHRISTOPH A. HERING. .... 1962-1967 HENRY R. HERGENROEDER ........ 1965-1970 OTTO H. FRANKE. ............... 1967-1977 PROF . WALTER KNOCHE. ......... 1970-1975 WALTER G. LOHR SR. ............ 1970-1982 DANDRIDGE BROOKE . ............. 1975-1978 VERNON H. WIESAND. ........... 1975- DR . KENNETH G. HORVATH ....... 1976- DR.  C.-M.  KURRELMEYER ZlNTL. . .1977- FREDERICK WEHRENBERG . ........ 1980- DR . WILLIAM DURDEN ........... 1981 - GARY E. MYER-BRUGGEY ......... 1981- DR . GEORGE F. JONES. ........... 1981- REV . FREDERICK S. WEISER. ...... 1981- DH . HOLGER K. HOMANN. ........ 1982-1985 DR . HANNA GELDRICH-LEFFMAN ... 1982- THEODORE POTTHAST , JR. ......... 1983- ELIZABETH   LITZINGER . .......... 1983- DR . ELKE DURDEN .............. 1985- DR . PETER JORDAN .............. 1986- [6] TO OUR READERS On April 17th, 1986 the Society for the History of the Germans in Mary- land celebrated the first one hundred years of its existence with a gathering of members, friends and numerous official guests at the Hopkins Club. Our Hon- orary Member and former President, Professor Harold Jantz, came from Duke University to address the festive meeting. His words of commemoration and of encouragement are printed in full in this first anniversary volume, THE REPORT 40. As his contribution was ready to go to press, the news of his death on February 27th, 1987 reached the editor. Neither Harold Jantz nor all others who were present at the centennial meeting could have known that it was to be his fare- well address to the Society to which he devoted so much time and attention. In spite of the name of our Society which infers only preoccupation with the Germans in Maryland, our REPORTS of the past century have always included contributions on subjects of national interest. In keeping with this tradition, we decided to dedicate two numbers of THE REPORT to the cen- tennial. The present volume contains three articles dealing with aspects of immigration from German-speaking countries during the colonial period that have not received scholarly attention in the past. Dr. Marianne S. Wokeck, presently an editor of the Biographical Dictionary of Early Pennsylvania Legislators for the Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, con- tributes new views and findings on the redemption system which enabled thou- sands of Germans and Swiss to come to Philadelphia, Annapolis, Charleston and Baltimore during the 18th century without having the necessary funds for the ocean travel. Professor Dr. Leo Schelbert of the History Department of the University of Illinois at Chicago is one of the leading authorities on Central European immigration. His article deals with decision-making in an 18th cen- tury Swiss-German emigrant family. The editor himself prepared the story of a single emigration season, that of 1738, from source material in six countries. Our second anniversary volume, THE REPORT 41, will deal with the immi- gration of the 19th century. It will focus on Baltimore and Maryland. Con- tributions are still pouring in as the result of a letter sent out by our Society to various organizations, churches, firms and individuals asking for information on their German, Austrian or Swiss origins. Sorting and editing this material for publications will take many months. Several of the reports and letters we received were accompanied by welcome checks to bolster our publication bud- get. A list of all financial contributors will appear in THE REPORT 41. While we thank all those who have provided financial assistance, we would like to take this opportunity to remind others that it is never too late to contribute to our Centennial Publication Fund.