Report5Hennighausenpg4172

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The German Day

—— IN ——

Baltimore.

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THE GERMAN DAY IN BALTIMORE.

October 6th, 1890.

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REPORTED BY L. P. HENNIGHAUSEN.

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HE committee appointed by our Society to arrange a celebra-

tion for the 6th of October 1890 the anniversary, and in

commemoration, of the landing of the first German colonists

in our country has done its work well. It showed practical

wisdom, when it invited all our citizens of German descent to

participate in the arrangement as well as in carrying out the

programme of the celebration. The response was enthusiastic

and almost unanimous. Money and talent in abundance were

placed at the disposal of the Committee. One of the most

pleasing and gratifying features was the generous good will

our fellow citizens of English and Irish descent manifested in

the celebration. They felt that we were celebrating an event

in the history of our country, in which they also have a part

and can point to with pride. The English and German press

with one accord endorsed the movement, and one of the English

morning papers clearly stated their sentiments in the following

article:

"The story of the Puritan has been told a thousand times,

and his part in wresting a wilderness from savagery and in

building a mighty republic reads like a fairy tale. No less

interesting is the history of the English cavalier, who settled

in the South, and acted his part in the great national drama.

But not so many times, nor with such enthusiasm has the

story of the German been told, as it is but recently that the

work of this wonderful race has come into prominence as a

formative force in the production of a nation.

The first colony of Germans landed at Philadelphia 207

years ago, and straightway laid out the streets and squares

of Germantown. The first comers were Mennonites. These

were afterward joined by societies of "The Friends" and by

others from the Rhine region. Gradually this branch of the

European stock pressed its way through Pennsylvania to Ohio

and the West, and through Maryland and Virginia to the

South. By degrees the Teuton came to every state and every

city in the land.

From the beginning the immigrant German was a peasant

or an artisan. He was quiet, patient and industrious, and

made his way among the toilers of the land. He has ever

touched American life on the side of production and trade,

and has meddled a little in great national questions. In the

agitations and controversies, which rent the republic the German

took almost no part. But when it came to action on the

tented field he was there a burden-bearer and a hero to save

the nation.

The Puritan to his latest descendant is self-assertive and

proud of his distinguished ancestry. Likewise the first families

of the South have never wearied in proclaiming the glory of

their ancient as well as modern deeds. But it was left for the

German to wait for time and numbers to proclaim his mighty

influence in fashioning and molding America and its institutions.

German-American Day, therefore, is not without great

significance among our country's holidays. The more the

passionless exploits of this people are considered the more

evident it becomes that the German deserves an honored place

between the Puritan on the one side and the descendant of

Calvert or John Smith on the other."

The other papers were no less hearty in their expression

and gave a mighty impulse to the work in hand. The prepar-

ations became more and more elaborate and the interest in the

coming event widened and deepened until the day came to be

looked upon as a municipal holiday. The pupils of the

English-German Public-Schools, prepared to take part in the

musical exercises and a resolution was passed by the School

board to close the Schools on that day. All the German

Societies, Schools and Churches of every denomination gave

notice of their intention to take part in the celebration. I

cannot do better than to give the following extract taken from

the different newspapers published on the morning after the

GERMAN DAY.

EIN GROSSES FEST!

All Honor to the Colonists and their Sturdy Descendants.

GERMAN-AMERICAN DAY.

A Splendid Commemoration of Early Achievements

IN ART, MUSIC AND INDUSTRY.

An In and Outdoor Observance Throughout the Country.

BALTIMORE'S DISPLAY THE FINEST.

Immense Crowd of Enthusiasts at the Academy—Speeches by Rev. Dr. Scheib,

Col. Fred. Raine and Dr, Steiner—Songs by the United Singers and 500

School Children — A Magnificent Spectacle at Night, in which 14,000

Persons Took Part—One of the Best Torchlight Processions Ever Seen in

this City—A Brilliant Show of Varied Colors—Excellent Music and Patriotic

Airs—Startling Effects in Fire Works—The Parade Reviewed by a Mighty

Concourse of People- Winding up with "Commers"—A Great and Memo-

rable Success from Every Point of View.

Germans and descendents of Germans, wherever found in the

United States, gave a proud thought yesterday to the achieve-

ments of their race in the New World, and celebrated with all the

warmth of their sturdy, honest natures the advent of the first

German colony in America. The day they honored was no

anniversary of Teutonic myth or fabled story, no illusion of a

misty past, but one of the surer occurrences of a newer antiquity.

It was in commemoration of the sixth day of October, 1683,

when the cornerstone of German immigration was founded at

Germantown, near Philadelphia, by thirteen German families of

artisans, tinder the leadership of a later Moses in the person of

Francis Pastorius, who, at Germantown, struck the rock whence

flowed the fountain of industry and probity and of excellence

in arts and sciences which has tinctured the great American

nation of to-day. With that characteristic of slowness in self-

assertion, which distinguishes the Teutonic people, two hundred

and seven years have strangely enough been allowed to slip by

with little more than a hearthstone reference to German-

American history by those who have been its actors. Year by

year, as the German-American has become more fully imbued

with the love of his adopted country, as he has been able to

discern the effect of his blood upon the plastic material of a

republican people who have excited the admiration of the whole

world, his American patriotism has taken the form of proudly

avowing his descent from that people who have been great in

leaving their impress upon modern history no less than upon

the ancient. The fame of the German in America has now

burst from the narrow confines of the private "Commers" of sing-

ing club and "Turner" association to a nation-wide celebration.

In Baltimore the scenes of the day will long be remem-

bered. Its whole spirit was intensely American, while the

German features were chiefly distinguished by a reminiscent

reverence and love. Throughout the town the stars and

stripes waved in a profusion from thousands of German homes,

while the black, red and white of the German emblem were there

to illustrate the significance of the occasion. True to German

instinct, the outdoor exercises planned for the morning, but

sadly interfered with by the weather, were arranged to take

place at the Battle monument, for it is the German idea to

hold all public patriotic exercises in the shadow of some

"denkmal" or memorial of worthy deeds. The afternoon was

devoted to a big indoor meeting at the Academy of Music.

It was the intellectual feast of the occasion, and the great

audience was thrilled with patriotism. The Rev. Dr. Henry

Scheib and Colonel Frederick Raine delivered addresses in

German, and Dr. Lewis H. Steiner spoke in English. The

United German Singers sang the songs of Fatherland and

America and five hundred pupils of English-German schools

made stirring melody of the "Star-Spangled Banner," for which

the words had been translated into the German.

Long after the morning broke, and even at midday, there

was, on account of the rain and lowering clouds, but little

attempt at the decoration of houses. Even when the afternoon

demonstration began no one had an idea of what the late evening

would bring forth in this direction. All over the line of

march anxious glances had been cast skyward, and a bright

rift in the western sky, symbolic perhaps of that western ray

of hope in 1683, brought out the German-Americans and

Americans who are proud of their cousins German to hang

bunting and parti-colored ribbands, to string pretty trans-

parencies and to prepare for the illumination of the "Fest"

night. Almost by magic the work was done, and by seven

o'clock in the evening the house fronts were loaded with brill-

iant colors. Flags, great and small, waved by thousands.

Baltimore street and Broadway, at their lower points, displayed

long vistas, glowing, gleaming and radiating tens of thousands

of lights that made a ruddy track against the overhanging

clouds and filled the atmosphere with a glad brilliancy.

Then came the bands of music and the gathering bodies

of men and gayly caparisoned horses that were to take part in

the triumphal procession. One after another they passed

toward Broadway, following each other with such swiftness,

and all coming so suddenly upon the going up of the decora-

tions by the way, that the whole scene seemed like some

spontaneous offering of a grateful people. Then came the

fully formed procession of fourteen thousand men, and the

illusion was complete. Far down the streets could be seen

the red, blue and green fires, not only displayed from carriages

and floats, but lavishly burned from a large number of wagons

especially fitted up for the purpose. Thousands upon thousands

of fanciful torches glimmered in the line, and they were various

in pattern and color. Some were like huge lilies, some globular,

some like domes and others like minarets of temples. At the

Washington monument the greatest display of fireworks was

made, and the stately shaft was lit up far above its base.

The great number of bands in the procession was a note-

worthy evidence of the musical taste of those in line. Patriotic

airs were heard on every hand, and scarcely had the strains

of "The Star Spangled Banner'' died away before "The Wacht

am Rhein,." "Maryland," "Hail Columbia" or the "German

Soldier's Ode to his Martial Cloak" came bursting out into its

fullest harmony. Hardly less than 5000 horses were in line, and

good riding was the rule. The spirited stock of muscular and

well-to-do butchers and tradesmen and the fine animals of the

Germania Riding Club, bedecked with wreaths and nosegays,

pranced and curvetted and made pretty pictures of life and

motion.

From one end of the line to the other were many features

to give variety and zest to the cavalcade and relieve the masses

of civilians in the line. Marshal's aids in white helmets and

riding trousers and black coats were quickly succeeded by the

float bearing the German students, in red, brimless caps and

bright swords. The singing societies passed by with tasteful

transparencies, and were followed by a group of ancient

Teutons dressed in bear skins. Medieval knights, in the

fanciful costume of the "Ritter,"

were succeeded by the

sombre mortar board hats and black students' gowns of the

Scheib Literary Association. The Schuetzen markers had white

shirts and targets. Each carriage of the Schuetzen members

had its target at the side, while the Orpheus Singing Society

had transformed every carriage into an arched evergreen bower.

The Vorwærts Turners had pretty suits of light gray and felt hats,

with oak leaves at the sides. The large body of stevedores looked

well in a uniform of light shirts, belted in at the waist, and the

Junior Pyramid Club, in tasteful array of light clothing and

brown felt hats, marched before a representation of Cleopatra's

needle. Butchers added the red of their shirts to the scene,

and the little zouaves of Calvert Hall, in blue and red, carried

their wooden guns with the proudness of infantile soldiers.

The lights danced upon the silver and gold helmets of the

uniformed knighthood orders.

There was no elaborate attempt to present fine floats in

the parade, yet there were many typical and interesting ones.

There was a "gasthof" displaying women in old German

costume ready to entertain the callers with foaming beer, several

wagons carried little girls in white dresses, and the Schuetzen

Society had a representation of a shooting range, with the

name of the reigning Schuetzen King emblazoned thereon.

St. Matthew's Confirmanden Verein had a large canvas erected

on a float, which was followed by a wagon from which stereop-

ticon pictures of the President of the Union, the Governor

of the State and other portraits were cast. Unkel Braesig

drove a pair of horses in his brown coat and was surrounded

by the children of the Low-lands, who are taught to revere

him. The Germania Turners had an allegorical group, of

which Germania, armed with her mighty sword, was the central

figure. The German Soldiers' Association float had a representa-

tion of veterans of European wars sitting about a camp-fire,

over which a pot was merrily boiling. The Stevedores' Bene-

ficial Society had a large schooner model and German-Evangel-

ical Lutheran Trinity Church had an excellent model of their

church structure in line.

The last act in the drama of the celebration consisted in

the "Commers," after the parade. The United Singers as-

sembled at Germania Hall for an evening of social intercourse,

while the " Funken," composed of German students, met in

the Concordia Annex. The "Funken" sang the songs of its

poet laureate, Loewenthal, and at both halls the old songs of

Germany and the newer ones of America resounded again and

again to the accompaniment of clinking glasses. Jokes were

passed, friendships renewed and a jolly good time was had

till the approach of morning warned all to flee homeward to

prepare for a work-a-day world and to escape the dangers of

the "katzenjammer."

other cities the day was observed in German style.

Washington German-Americans assembled in the afternoon in

great force at Schuetzen Park, just beyond the city limits.

All sorts of amusements were engaged in, and at night a

programme of vocal and instrumental music was rendered.

Mr. W. L. Habercom. fifth auditor of the treasury, and Mr.

L. G. Hine, ex-District commissioner, delivered addresses, and

the festivities closed with a fine display of fireworks.

The Philadelphia celebration was begun Sunday in the

German churches. Last night there was a musical festival at

the hall of the German Society, attended by Governor Beaver,

Mayor Fitler and other prominent citizens. Addresses were

made by Prof. Oswald Seidenstricker, of the University of

Pennsylvania, Judge Pennypacker, a local historian, and Dr.

G. Kellner, editor of the German Democrat. Germantown,

which is now a fashionable suburb of the city, and has lost

its old characteristics, also had its celebration under the

auspices of the Germantown Maennerchor. This society was

organized on the two hundredth anniversary of the arrival of

the original German families.

The houses of the German citizens of Richmond were

gayly decorated in honor of the day. The German-Americans

paraded in the morning, with Mr. Alfred von Nickisch Ro-

sengk, the president of the newly formed association, at their

head. The turn out was imposing. After marching through

the principal streets the procession went to the exposition

grounds, where patriotic addresses were delivered by President

Rosengk, Senator Lovenstein, Mayor Ellyson and others. The

remainder of the day was spent in national games and merrymak-

ing. Among the prominent persons who occupied seats on the

stand during the delivery of the addresses were Gov. McKinney,

President of the State Supreme Court L. L. Lewis, Hon. George

D. Wise and Mayor J. Taylor Ellyson. After the close of the

festivities at the exposition grounds the line of march was again

formed, and the procession went back to the city. The streets

through which the column moved in returning were ablaze with

colored lights and the sidewalks were thronged with people.

In Reading, Pa., the people gathered in large numbers at

night, and a banquet was held. William Rosenthal, Judges

Ermentrout and Endlich, Congressman Brunner and others

made speeches.

The German Societies of Minneapolis, Minn., and other

Northwestern cities gave entertainments at night, but there

were not many parades.

THE INDOOR CELEBRATION.

PATRIOTIC SONGS SUNG BY THE UNITED SINGERS AND FIVE

HUNDRED SCHOOL GIRLS.

The sturdy persistency so characteristic of the German was

shown by the thousands who braved the disagreeable weather

to attend the afternoon demonstration at Harris' Academy of

Music, Baltimore. Old men, whose white locks were proof of

their advanced age, middle-aged business men, professors and

doctors and musicians wended their way to Harris' Academy.

Without doubt the celebration was one of the most enthu-

siastic demonstrations in the history of the city. The great

building was taxed to its utmost capacity, and the picture

presented within was strikingly beautiful. The stage was

somewhat extended, and upon this extension were seated the

musicians of the orchestra. They sat before a low bank of

greens and ferns which formed a base to the high tier of seats

arranged for the singers. On the lower rows were seated the

United Singers of Baltimore and behind and above them sat

five hundred little girls, the pupils of the German-English

schools. All of the children were dressed in white, and above

the dark coats of the United Singers they formed a bright

background. High over their heads swung the only motto in

the building: " Welcome to German-American Day."

Mayor Davidson and his Secretary, Col. Wm. H. Love, and

many other municipal officers and state officials were present.

The programme was patriotic throughout and opened with the

"Jubel Overture," by Weber. The opening address was made

by Rev. Dr. Henry Scheib in German. Col. Frederick Raine

also delivered a German address, and Dr. Lewis H. Steiner

spoke in English. An interesting synopsis of each of these

addresses is given elsewhere in this report under seperate heads.

The United Singers sang two choruses: "Das Deutsche Lied"

and "Siegesgesang der Deutschen nach der Hermannsschlacht"

under the direction of Prof. Nicholas Tillmann. The choir of

500 children, under direction of Prof. J. G. Wehage, awoke

great enthusiasm by singing the "Star Spangled Banner" with

German words and each waving a small banner as they sang.

''My Country 'Tis of Thee" was also very prettily sung by

them.

FOREFATHERS AND CHILDREN.

INFLUENCE OF GERMANY

, ANCIENT AND MODERN, UPON THE

WORLD

'S CULTIVATION.

"There are visions, sentiments and thoughts," said Dr.

Scheib, "for which words can be found only with difficulty.

A magnificent picture unfolds itself to my eyes, deep emotions

agitate my breast, a grand idea controls this meeting. To

express all this in words is impossible to me. Yet this much

I can. The pleasure of my heart at the renewed experience

that the great heart of man still beats warmly for all that is

good and noble; that the busy hand of man still labors and

builds memorials for the forefathers and dwellings for the

children, and that the restless genius of man in striving for

the best does not forget the good of the past.

"We stand before a great scene, as citizens of a great

Union of States, whose founders sought to solve one of the

greatest problems of life—deliverance from an impeding guard-

ian, insurance of religious tolerance, the free activity of every

citizen. These were won in bloody strife, with heavy sacrifices

and untold sufferings. Among those who bled and fell in the

battle for those rights, we find many hundreds of names also,

whose sound points back to that country and people from

which we are descended, and we are proud that the German

arm in the new world, as often in the old, wielded the mighty

sword for the holiest rights of man.

"Still our picture goes back even further, nearly another

hundred years, to an occurence, which illustrates to us how

in this world little things can develop into great ones. A few-

German immigrants landed on the coast of the new world 207

years ago, the first who spoke the unintelligible German

language. Today this language resounds from the lips of

myriads from the coast of the Atlantic to that of the Pacific,

and from the far North to the extreme South, and in this

tongue is uttered the sentiment of myriads whose life work

with head and hands is of importance to this country.

"If I turn my gaze to the land which for more than

one thousand years has been the home of the German race,

the splendor of the Roman-German empire, the land where the

great questions and differences of the people were fought out;

then even to-day I find it is the land of intellectual mediation,

the warmly pulsating heart in the breast of Europe. And

even as European wars were decided there, and the state of

Germany indicated the peace of the continent, so even now

the deepest vitality of the soul and mind circulate through that

heart. And as the new empire adopts and improves, the learn -

ings of all countries and zone, the arts and science of all

nations, so too, then, there goes out and upon the world from

it, often unseen and unnoticed, the desire for culture, and now

so much more beneficial, since in the place of the old Roman-

German Empire there stands an empire of united races. And

this Germany is mightier and more powerful in that it owes

its existence not only to greater material strength and bloody

strifes, but in greater proportions to an intellectual preparation.

"The new Germany is not a child of night, bnt the slowly

ripening fruit of the mind, the triumph of a long work of

culture, won like all victories in the kingdom of facts, through

the application of strength in the service of the idea.

"Such a triumph may cause all to rejoice, regardless of

what language they speak. It is a victory of the noblest human

beings, and if Germany's sons and nephews bring to the altars

of this new land the best offerings from their father's inherit-

ance—language and custom, art and science, energy and thrift

— then will not thanks greet them from the lips of their

English-speaking brethren? From the happy glances which

now greet me from all sides I am convinced that whenever in

years to come the celebration of 'German Day' returns, then

a mighty shout of praise will swell from the throats of the

thousands for the friends of humanity and the defenders of

truth, freedom and eternal justice."

ILLUSTEIOUS TEUTONIC NAMES.

COL. RAINE RECITES DEEDS OF PIONEER, SCIENTIST, EXPLORER

AND SOLDIER.

Col. Frederick Raine said: "It is true that before the year

1683 men of German stock emigrated to this country, but

history assigns to the thirteen weaver families from Crefeld the

honor of being the first Germans who founded a community

after German methods. At that time the proud star spangled

banner did not wave its protecting folds, the struggle for

independence had not been fought, and the germ of liberty,

which after the revolution and other wars ripened so gloriously,

had only been planted.

"We celebrate today the memory of the pioneers of German-

town, who, in common with representatives of other national-

ities made for themselves a new home, opened America to the

influence of culture, and created a commonwealth which was

destined to give to the progressive spirit of humanity a higher

and nobler form. On the shores of the Delaware stood the

cradle of the German-American element. From that source

German customs, German thought and German influence spread

over this country.

"The descendants of the Pilgrims, who landed with the

Mayflower at Plymouth, celebrate the annual recurrence of the

day when their fathers first set foot on the soil of the new

world; the children of the Hollanders remember their Knicker-

bocker ancestors, and to these we dutyfully add "German Day."

It is the idea of a common origin which brought us together

today, and this is embodied in the celebration of "German Day."

"We celebrate the memorial day of our ancestors, who not

only transplated German usages, German views and our most

precious jewel—the German language—to our new fatherland,

but also showing us by their untiring industry, unconquerable

perseverance and thrift, the way to success. "Who will deny

that these are results which, in no less degree than the good

qualities brought to this country by other nationalities — the

English, the Irish, the Scotch, the Scandinavians, the French

—have exercised a powerful influence in shaping our republican

form of government and the educational development of our

commonwealth? The assimilation of the good qualities of all

the people who chose the new world formed the strong cement

of the unrivaled structure of this nation. To suppose that a

foreign-born person cannot be just as good a citizen as a native

is in contradiction to the essence and the origin of this American

nation.

"We German-Americans stand today apart from all sec-

tionalism and clanishness, but we will at all times defend our-

selves against any attempt to lessen our just and equal rights

as component parts of the commonwealth, or to force the

emigrant who has escaped the oppression of other countries,

and is determined to found here by industry and devotion to

his new country a new, free and 'happy home, into a position

different from the generally accepted principle of equal rights

for all. As we stood in times of peril and need shoulder to

shoulder with the native citizens of the country to fight for

the independence, the freedom and preservation of the republic,

so have we been industrious co-workers in the sphere of science,

art and industry. In the sphere of politics, also, we have been

more than mere spectators, and if we took a more modest part

in the government of the country than the proportion of our

numbers justified, it was not for lack of tried and capable men.

"The great mass of the German emigrants to the United

States has continued to be of the same nature as in the begin-

ning, namely farmers and tradesmen, with a very slight inter-

mixture of men of higher education. With the exception of

a colony in Texas no emigration of German nobility took place,

like the emigration of cavaliers to Virginia in the beginning

of the seventeenth century, but we cannot recall a deportation

of German criminals similar to the practice continued for more

than a hundred years of England and Ireland, The German emi-

grant was confronted by the stern struggle for existence. No

grants of land were made to the Germans; on the contrary, many

by their ignorance of the laws and language lost their purchased

land. For a longer time than was the case with the English,

Scotch and Irish, the Germans were prevented from taking part

in public affairs. But what a change has the sun of liberty

worked in the great mass of German emigration!

"We must not forget that of the millions of German

emigrants thousands and hundred of thousands died broken-

hearted at the wayside. For many this 'land of liberty' has

proven the 'land of dreamy illusions.' The German element,

notwithstanding retarding influences, has increased in strength

in the course of centuries, so that at the present day there is

not a state in which Germans, or at least descendants of the

German stock are not found to constitute an important factor

in the community.

"The Germans were the first settlers of the Shenandoah

Valley; in North Carolina they have given to many cities their

present names; in Georgia their settlements date from the days

of Oglethorpe, and while Kentucky's first pioneer, Daniel Boone,

a man of German Carolinian stock, penetrated the wilderness

of the far West, the axe of German settlers was heard in the

'dark and bloody ground,' and German and Swiss industry

opened to culture the forests of Eastern Tennessee.

"In Northern Louisiana, the refuge of the Acadians of

Nova Scotia, German and Alsatian settlers were found as

early as the time of Louis XV. Among the 'Mossbacks' of

Arkansas many names of German origin are found. The in-

fluence of the German element is apparent in the middle region

of America, in the cities and in the country. Wherever we

see well-kept gardens and flourishing farms we may rest assured

that there German-American settlers have been active.

"A German, and a German Marylander at that, Johann

Lederer, was the first to explore, in 1669, the country "West of

the Alleghanies, when the present Tennessee and Kentucky

were as unknown as the sources of the Nile are today. A

German Bohemian, Augustin Herrmann, made the-first adequate

map of Maryland and Virginia. A German, Peter Minnewit,

from Wesel, was the first Dutch Governor of New Amsterdam,

and purchased Manhattan Island from the Indians. The German

captain, Johann Printz, established the first Swedish colony in

in Delaware; the German printer, Christoph Saur, printed in

1743 the first bible printed in a European language in North

America and in the German language. About the same

time another German printer of New York, Johann Zenger,

was engaged in a violent struggle with the government, and

thus became the father of the liberty of the press in this

country. Governor Jacob Leisler, of New York, whose tragic

death occured at the end of the seventeenth century, having

been falsely accused of treason and executed, was a German, a

native of Frankfurt-on-the-Main. The two Conrad Weisers,

father and son, the first interpreters of the Indians; Count

Zinzendorff, Prince D. A. of Gallitzin; the two Swiss, Graffen-

ried and Michel, who led the first colony to the Carolinas, and

last, but not least, Franz Daniel Pastorius, whose establishment

of Germantown is the occasion of todays celebration. Let us

not forget our pious 'pilgrim fathers' of the first half of the

eighteenth century, Johann Kelpius, Conrad Beisel, Gottlieb

Spangenberg, David Nutschean Rauch, Heckenwelder, Zeis-

berger, Post, Jungmann and Muehlenberg, the elder, who be-

came the ancester of a numerous family of German-American

theologians, and was the father of General Muehlenberg, of

revolutionary fame, and the first Speaker of Congress.

"In the second half of the last century, especially in the

time of the revolution, we meet with many German names of

note and not a few of renown. There is Nicolaus Herkimer,

the hero of Oriskany; General von Steuben, the organizer of

the colonial army; General Joh. de Kalb, the hero who fell

at Camden; Christoph Ludwig, baker-general and provision

master of the continental army; the above mentioned Mueh-

lenbergs of Pennsylvania; the Aeisters, Clymers, Ermentrouts,

Keims and Harmers, whose descendants are prominent in busi-

ness and politics of today.

"The greatest development of this republic has taken place

within the last 70 years, and it is curious that the strongest

German emigration occurs in this period. We are far from

ascribing to the German element the chief part in the rise of

the nation, but we need not be too modest, for the instances

in which German industry, science and talent, combined with

American energy, have achieved great results are too prominent.

A German engineer constructed the modern wonder of the

world, the Brooklyn bridge, and the bridges which span

Niagara, and the Ohio at Cincinnati. A German engineer

created the Sutro tunnel in Nevada, and another invented the

iron railroad bridges to which our rail construction is so much

indebted.

"What our countrymen accomplished in the Mexican war

and the late civil war, not only in the rank and file, but also

at the head of battalions, regiments, brigades and divisions,

still lives in the memory of all.

"In science and art the Germans have played a prominent

part. David Rittenhaus was the first American astronomer

whose name deserves mention. A German-American, J. L.

Hassler, created our coast survey, and another, Hilgard, extended

that survey on such a grand scale that it is a source of admir-

ation to all maritime nations. The topographer, Capt. Preiss,

a German, officer, aided in making possible John C. Fremont's

exploring expeditions. General Albert Myers, the first weather

clerk, was of German descent. Names like those of the Jurists

Franz Lieber, Roselius, Rex and Krekel have recognition in

this whole country. The authors and journalists—Franz Grund,

F. Schmole, E. Dorschheimer, Friedrich Hassaurek, J. Nord-

hoff—have in both languages received general appreciation.

The scientists—Dr. K. Follen, F. Th. Engelmann, Dr. Karl

Beck, Dr. Blattermann, F. Rau, Karl L. Fleischmann, Fried-

rich Kapp, Karl Minnigerode, Friedrich List, Lindheimer and

Nehrling—have been active in every branch of natural history

and philology, archaeology and history. The artists—Leutze,

Bierstadt, Sonntag, Frankenstein, Venind—are celebrated, and

if I should enumerate the names of our leading manufacturers

and merchants from Johann Jacob Astor and Vincent Nolte,

Em. Rittenhaus and J. Amebing my hearers could be wearied.

"Now a word concerning the German element of Maryland.

It is not of 'yesterday or day before yesterday,' but the German

language was spoken on the Patapsco when the whoop of the

Susquehannoughs was heard in the forests. Germans settled

in Maryland toward the end of the seventeenth century, and

Hagerstown bears the name of its German founder. When in

1730 Baltimore was founded J. Moale (Mohl), J. Fleming,

Steiger, Engelhardt, Leizer were prominent landed proprietors,

and in 1753 Gov. Sharpe found the main part of Baltimore's

commerce to be in the hands of the Germans. The second

church in Baltimore was a German church, and its location

was the present building of the Y. M. C. A. Washington's

purchasing agent was a Baltimore German — Jac. Kuhbord.

A German (G. M. Meyer) built the first mill, and the Penn-

sylvania German G. Barnitz the first brewery. When the Colonial

Congress had to flee from Philadelphia a German of our city

offered the Congress a hall. The first market was founded by

two Germans—Keener and Hart. The German councilmember

Lindenberger is the founder of our fire service.

"What the Germans accomplished in the war of 1812 is

told us by the names of General Stricker and Colonel Armi-

stead, not to mention the German Company of Baltimore

Yaegers, under Capt. Sadler. The civil war has also given an

opportunity to our countrymen to distinguish themselves, and

the deeds of German regiments and battalions is graven on our

tables of history. In commerce and industry the German

element of Baltimore has played a leading part. Numerous

are names of German merchants in the days of the revolution.

In the directory of 1796, when Baltimore was not quite equal

in population to the present city of Annapolis, we find 40 per

cent of German names." The speaker then recited the names

of many German firms of today, with existing industries started

by Germans.

GREET FIRST THE STARRY FLAG.

EARLY IMMIGRATION

, ITS RESULTS AND THE DUTIES OF TODAY.

. STEINER'S ADDRESS.

Dr. Lewis H. Steiner said: "We meet not as Germans

merely, nor merely as German-Americans, but as those who

claim to be American citizens, proudly owning the starry flag

that waves over us as the ensign which is to us dearer than

all the flags of the rest of the world. Our first salutation we

give to the national flag. Under its folds we experience the

protection that nowhere on the broad earth means so much to

the law-abiding citizen—the firm existence of liberty, freedom

and equality.

"While thus proud of our American rights, we have a

filial sense of loving duty towards the colors that once floated

over our German ancestors — the black, red and gold — that

meant so much to them, and under which they were fitted to

leave home, with its endearing associations, carrying their house-

hold gods and meagre household goods to a new country, to

dig and delve, to build up new homes and raise up children

who should perpetuate the virtues and stern characteristics of

their fathers.

"Today we assemble to celebrate the founding of the first

of the colonies which these glorious Germans established. Over

two centuries have passed, and yet German-Americans are

brought together to pay their earnest tribute of respect to those

who made the pioneer settlement in Germantown. Mine is the

pleasant task to direct your attention, first, to the peculiar

character of that early immigration; second, to the present

results of what, following the same lines, has made the Ger-

man a potency of the highest order in every department of

American endeavor, and third, to the duties which rest upon

us as the descendants or followers of such magnificent leaders.

"The motives were various which prompted the exodus

from the fatherland not only of those who composed the Ger-

mantown colony, but also of those who preceded them in time,

constituting as it were, the advance guard, of independent

skirmishers, who went forth as the men of old sent abroad to

spy out the land—to see what the land is; whether it be fat

or lean; whether there be wood therein or not. These, how-

ever, went forth self-commissioned, and, unlike their Hebrew

prototypes, when they found resting places, with the attractions

of fertile land and a genial climate, they built themselves houses

with whatever building materials were most convenient, and

straightway determined to renounce allegiance to all potentates

whatever save those recognized by the new country; to make

its people their people and its God their God. They returned

not to make report of their discovery, but threw their lives,

their souls and their energies into the country of their choice.

"Some came, doubtless, from religious motives. The right

to worship God according to the dictates of their own conscience

was interfered with in their old homes. When they reached

the new home they raised their altars by their firesides for

family worship and united with friends and neighbors to erect

houses that could be used for religious instruction and divine

service. They were not intolerant to others. Denomination

after denomination held its own view, constructed its house of

worship and adhered to its ritual, and in good brotherly spirit

placed no obstacle in the way of others doing the same.

"They brought stout, sturdy arms and industrious habits;

stern, unflinching honesty and strict sense of duty; no know-

ledge or conception of luxury, and hence no thirst for its

enjoyment; warm hearts and deep affections for family and

friends and church. They were ideal pioneers. Such constituted

the great majority of these immigrants and their immediate

followers. They were not nobles, tracing lineage back to robber

knights, but peasants and men mostly of what would be called

low degree by the mighty of earth. They were ready to meet

all the requirements of a new citizenship and to create a line

of descent, ennobled by toil and earnest struggle, that could

proudly boast of a nobility equal to any the world had ever

known. Some few were occasionally to be found with them

who had enjoyed such advantages of learning as existed in their

native land, but who, casting their lot with the others, nobly

struggled to aid their simpler and less educated brothers in all

their undertakings as pastors, teachers, attorneys and scholars.

"Our records show that greed for office was not known

by these simple-minded pioneers. They left to others struggles

for public position. It was theirs to build homes, to make

the desert to blossom and broad fields to groan under luxurious

harvests, to raise up sturdy oxen and horses trained to aid in

their daily labor rather than to win prizes for speed, which

had no practical value in agricultural work. The time would

come when the real necessities of the nation would call them

forth to participate in its minor offices, its legislative bodies,

and even in the still higher executive functions of the state.

And just here they furnished an example worthy of all com-

mendation to any race or people that may start under adverse

conditions to carve out a destiny for themselves. The chief

duty is to make themselves first class citizens, to become a

necessity to the communities in which they live, and then their

part in the higher functions of government will define itself

in such a way as to require their participation in public duties.

"As time passed by these pioneers began to show a strength

of patriotism that was equal to any emergency. Their neigh-

bors found that they could be depended upon in any position

they might be placed. When their country called for aid in

its struggle for freedom from an oppressive tyranny the Ger-

mans seized arms and on many a field constituted living

ramparts against the enemy's serried hosts. Is there a brighter

example in our history than that furnished by the pious and

learned German preacher who, after preaching a sermon full

of patriotic appeals to his people to aid in the war against

England, threw off his clerical gown and showed that beneath

it he wore the continental uniform, declaring that the time for

preaching was past and that for fighting had come? And the

after record of Muhlenberg showed that he had the stuff of

which heroes are made. The process of adoption and natural-

ization is always accelerated when one takes up arms under

the flag of a country in its defense. And this was the case

with the early German immigrants.

"The necessities of food, clothing and lodging having been

provided for, our German-American began to participate in all

the undertakings that contributed to make up the distinctive

peculiarities of our cosmopolitan nation. His thoughtful brain,

indefatigable industry and untiring perseverance were in demand

on all sides. They, with their rugged honesty and innate con-

tempt for shams and humbug, soon made him a power of first

magnitude in the development of the resources and wealth of

the country.

"Not satisfied with the field presented by the mechanic

arts, he undertook new and as yet untried industries in this

country and developed them to a high grade of perfection.

He boldly entered the clerical and medical professions, mani-

festing in these the power of a mind trained to observation,

not addicted to rash conclusions. Law came to him as

attractive object of study. In realms of pure science, with its

practical application, he was soon at home.

"He soon showed such ability, such speedily-acquired

acquaintance with the art of war, that shoulder straps were

won by honest military skill combined with personal bravery,

and these were soon decorated by eagles and stars as designa-

tions of his recognized military character. In war as well as

in peace the German-American was true to his descent.

"With such a past and such a present, what duties rest

upon those of us who claim to be Americans of German descent

or German birth? We have fallen heirs to a heritage of which

any people may be justly proud. How shall we show ourselves

worthy of it? Manifestly, by pursuing the lines laid down

by our predecessors, by cultivating the virtues which they

manifested, by proving ourselves above that which they des-

pised. Let us not forget what we owe to the land upon which

we live. Renouncing allegiance to all foreign monarchs and

all foreign governments, we are called upon to strive that this

shall advance still further on the way to the attainment of

the highest form of perfection possible to human government.

Let kings and emperors quarrel, let them involve their people

in wars, let governments perish and on their ruins others arise.

We have no right to participate in these contentions. These

be the thoughts and the earnest determinations that we carry

forth from this celebration. And so we shall have not assembled

in vain, but have acquired fresh inspiration to do our duty as

Americans and to act well the part which is allotted to us in

the battle of life."

DETAILS OF THE PROCESSION.

THE SOCIETIES THAT WERE REPRESENTED. THE VARIOUS

COMMITTEES.

The route of the procession was from Broadway Institute,

Broadway, to Baltimore street, to Holliday, to Lexington, to

Calvert, to Fayette, to North, to Baltimore, to Charles, to

Washington Monument, to Madison, to Eutaw, to the Concordia

Opera House. The approach of the torches was announced by

a large bell upon a wagon. Then came a squad of mounted

policemen, and the first grand light wagon, from which Greek

fire was burned. After these came the Great Southern Band

and fifth Regiment Drum Corps: chief marshal, Col. H. C.

Tieck; chief of staff, Jacob Klein; assistant, F. Bauernschmidt;

bugler, William Grunewald.

The active aides were: August J. Heise, Henry Merz, Jr.,

John O. Becker, John C. Horstmeier, John E. Harting, Edward

Duker, Gebhard Leimbach,

Rudolph Vollmer, Charles H.

Mueller, John Marsch, Louis Berner, Frdk. H. Leggemann,

A. Danzeglock, Charles A. Lerian, Frank Steil, George C. Zeiser,

John C. Greacen, Henry P. Duker, August Mueller, Edward

Umbach, Harry Cox, Siegesmund Parton, G. Schweppe, Wm.

Edell, L. Schneeberger, George Bauernschmidt, Jr., August

Hengemihle, Perry Lee Downs, Henry Eppler, Andrew Muller,

Wm. Muhl, George Leimbach, Chas. Quast, Capt. J. D. Barclay,

Dr. Chas. Beck, Prof.

Wm. T. Auer, John W. H. Fry, Henry

Bishop, A. C. Schmidt, Otto Hellwig, Edw. Stapf, Hermann

E. Kluth, G. Louis Schroeder, Conrad Darsch, Louis Aull.

Surgeons, Drs. Amos L. Gage, John C. Hemmeter, J. C.

Ohlendorf.

The honorary aides were: Chief, Henry A. Bosse; Charles

Haake, A. A. Mogge, L. J. Ripple, W. J. Deimel, Frederick

Rappe, August Bauernschmidt, Henry Lentz, John Schick,

Hermann Kummer, Henry Bohn, F. J. Ripple, Louis Helldor-

fer, Louis Strassburger, Frank Helldorfer, Wm. Depkin, Mi-

chael Ruck, G. W. Funk, N. Kohlerrnan, A. D. Klein, C.

Mutschler, John H. Happel, John Schneider, John M. Witz-

gall, Frank Mueller, Wm. Grunewald, P. Dannenfelser, H. D.

Borcherding, Dr. C. W. Sandrock, John Schulz, L. P. Korn-

mann, Philip Wolf, E. M. Singewald, Louis Griesman, G. W.

Barranger, John Engroff, Julius Haas, Ernst Meinfelder, Robert

Hetz, August Baumgarten and John Weinhauser.

Carriages with the officers of the executive committee:

First carriage—Ernst Schmeisser and Isidor Loewenthal.

Second Carriage—George W. Gail and Dr. John Morris.

Third carriage—Dr. Morris Wiener and Dr. L. H. Steiner.

Fourth carriage—Robert M. Rother, Prof. Otto Fuchs and

Rev. E. Huber.

Fifth carriage—August Knaup and Frank Jaschik.

Then came members of the German Historical Society and

the German Society of Maryland, in barouches, represented by

C. W. Schneidereith, L. P. Hennighausen, Ed. F. Leyh and

C. F. Raddatz.

The North German Lloyd Company was represented by

Captain Wm. Kuhlmann and the officers of the steamer Rhine,

in barouches, and by the crew, who marched.

Members of the Funken Society were on a gaily-decorated

tally-ho.

FIRST DIVISION.

Marshal, Otto Ahrens ; aids, J. E. Kempster, R. H. Wiesen-

feld, Wm. Ashman, J. Castleberg, Dr. F. Moyer and A.Hereford.

Wilson Post Band.

Baltimore Liederkranz ; marshal, Henry F. Poske, 100 men

on foot and in carriages. Two allegorical floats, escorted by

members on foot and on horseback, dressed in ancient German

costumes.

Harmonie Singing Society, 12 barouches and a large contin-

gency on foot. American and German flags.

Band.

Germania Mænnerchor, Col. R. D. Boss, marshal, two decor-

ated wagons, four barouches, 20 mounted and 200 members on foot.

East Baltimore Liederkranz, 30 men on foot.

Frohsinn, 20 mounted men and others in two barouches.

Arbeiter Msennerchor, 74 men bearing grotesque torches.

Arbeiter Liedertafel, 30 men.

Arion Singing Society, 100 men.

Orpheus Mænnerchor, four barouches.

Emmerton Band.

Thalia Mænnerchor, Michael Schäfer, marshal, 75 men and

one transparency.

Canton Mænnerchor, 30 men, with a float representing

"Germania."

Balto. Sængerrunde, Phil. Dannenfelser, adjutant, 26 men.

Franz Abt Mænnerchor, 24 men.

Gesangverein Eintracht, two barouches, followed by mem-

bers on foot.

Aurora Quartett Club, 20

men, two barouches and one

transparency.

German Orphan Asylum, directors in barouches.

German Home of the Aged, directors in four barouches.

Teachers in German schools, in barouches. Messrs. J. G.

Wehage, C. F. Hessler, Chs. Laegeler, Otto Kunker, A. Herring,

Lewis Krieger.

Baltimore Schützen Association, mounted marshals, Charles

Decker, J. D. Heise, F. Brauer and H. A. Maarsch Jr. 24 men

with targets, eight barouches and one float.

SECOND DIVISION.

Marshal, Capt. Michel Lotz. Assistants, Ant. Schalitzki,

L. J. Ripple and John Jacobs.

Ivanhoe Band.

Knights of St. Michael, 200 knights in full dress uniform.

Order of Black Knights, Adjutant Herm. Kimmer, 250

uniformed knights.

Huffman's Band.

Knights of St. George, 75 men in full uniform.

Pikesville Band.

St. Benedict Council, German Branch, C. B. L., Fr. Miller,

marshal, with 75 men.

New Freedom Band.

Knights of St. Phythias—Pythian, Monumental, Baltimore,

Maryland, Steuben, Ivanhoe and Druid Lodges, Cracker Club

and uniformed ranks.

Independent Drum Corps, 16 men.

Knights of St. Paul, 75 men.

Knights of St. Francis, 75 men.

THIRD DIVISION.

Marshal, Fred. Elenbrok, Aides, H. Hahn, L. Langmann,

Geo. Mohr, Geo. Paulus, Wm. Beuchtel, Chs. Meyer, Jos. Kraus,

P. Knatz Jr., Elmer Knatz, Aug. Stapf, Hy. Ekert, L. Glaser,

J. Schalitzky, Hy. Haffer, Geo, Bechler, J. Bopp, Geo. Schäfer,

Geo. Haffer, Wm. Zeiser and John Wunderlich.

Havre de Grace Cornet Band.

Independent Zion's Church, 12 barouches and 1 transparency.

Zion's School, 6 barouches and 1 transparency.

Henry Scheib Musical and Literary Association, 50 members

dressed in the fashion of the German students.

German New Jerusalem Church, 4 bar. and 1 transparency.

Drum Corps and Band.

Societies of St. Alphonsus Church, J. A. Ostendorf, marshal,

with 25 mounted aides, 500 men on foot, 25 barouches and one

transparency.

Sauerwald's Band and Drum Corps.

Congregation of St. John's Germ. Lutheran Church 300 men.

Lyceum of St. Matthäi's German Church, Charles Haacke,

adjutant, 25 mounted aides, 100 men in line, two wagons with

calcium lights.

Knapp's Institute, one barouche, with Profs. F. Knapp,

T. B. Fox and Charles Volkmar.

Wagon with Greek fire.

FOURTH DIVISION.

Marshal, Henry Brehm. Aides, John T. Bauernschmidt,

W. E. Bauernschmidt, Ph. Leydecker, H. P. Duker, J. Schrufer,

J. Preisinger, R. Mempel, J. H. Horst, Hy. G. Bauernschmidt,

Alx. Albrecht, J. Lenhoff, Geo. Wempe, C. Jurich, M. Zinkand,

Ph. Leydecker Jr., Jos. A. Butt, A. Ford, Thomas B. Bourne,

A. Zeller and George P. Carle.

Winter's and Weber's Bands.

Brewers' Exchange, 6 barouches and 300 men in line.

Brewmasters' Association, Adjutant Aug. Bauernschmidt,

three mounted men and four barouches.

Unkel Bräsig Vereen, 30 men in line, two barouches and

one float.

Sauerwald's Band.

Tobacco Workers of G. W. Gail & Ax, 125 men.

Drum Corps.

Turn-Verein Vorwärts, 50 men.

Turn-Verein Germania, 80 men and one float and three

standard-bearers.

Sauerwald's Band No. 2.

Pyramid Club, 40 men.

Junior Pyramid Club, adjutant, Robert Hetz, 40 men.

FIFTH DIVISION.

Marshal, Geo. N. Flack. Aids, Louis Stalman, J. Bauer,

George Hempel, Andrew Wolf, Adam Parr, Jos. Butt, B. Mayer,

George J. Herbert.

Drum Corps and Band.

St. Jacob's Society, 75 mounted men, three transparencies

and one float, representing St. Anthony's Orphan Asylum,

(established 1835.)

Band.

Knights of St. Jacob, uniformed, 200 men.

St. Michael's Society, 200 men.

SIXTH DIVISION.

Marshal, Nic. Tegges. Aids, F. L. Knell, G. Hohmann,

Ph. Schmidt, Alex. Megary, And. Schmidt, Conrad Schuteberg,

A. Jaeger und Charles Maasch.

Burgoyne's Band.

Baltimore Butchers, 300 mounted men.

Dickinson's Band.

Stevedores' Beneficial Association, 200 men and 1 barouche.

German Militair Society, 30 mounted men, one float.

Allgemeine Arbeiter Beneficial Association, 200 men.

Arbeiter Beneficial Association of East Baltimore, 50 men.

SEVENTH DIVISION.

Marshal, A. F. Sterger. Aides, Chas. Seybold, E. Joeckel,

J. Heinemann, G. Schneider, G. Fraenk, A. Traube, J.W. Mann,

C. Euler, P. Pabst, W. Leimbach, John Gropp, Fred. Schmitt,

H. Schlimm, J. Will, Aug. Steiner, H. Leimbach, A. Sigelein,

John Urban, Geo. Kohlhepp, Ph. Sonderman, Valentine Vogt.

Union Bridge Band.

Trinity German Church, six mounted and 150 men on foot,

eight barouches and one decorated wagon.

Holy Cross Society, 150 men and four barouches.

Salem German Evangelical Church, four barouches.

German United Zion's Church of Canton, six barouches.

Fifth German Reformed Church, 15 mounted men and six

barouches.

Drum Corps.

Steuben Council, American Legion of Honor, 30 men, four

barouches and one transparency.

German United Church, 50 boys and three barouches.

Germania Council No. 786, 60 man, four barouches and one

transparency.

Gustav Adolph Beneficial Society, Marshal H. D. Borcher-

ding, 35 men.

Wright's Band.

Capt. D, Holljes Stevedores' Beneficial Association, 175 men

and two allegorical floats.

EIGHTH DIVISION.

Marshal, Henry Schaefer. Aides, Geo. Ader, Chas. Grein,

Frederick Littig, August Uphof.

Naval Academy Band.

Cutters' and Trimmers' Assembly No. 7507, 400 men.

Germania Tailors' Association, 60 men.

Maryland Lodge No. 523, German Order Harugari, 50 men

and two barouches.

Dr. Martin Luther Beneficial Society, marshal, J. J. Schae-

fer, 50 men.

Order of Good Brothers, W. Grunewald, adjutant; Schiller

Lodge No. 19; Germania Lodge No. 24, 74 men.

Pittacus Lodge, Order of True Friends, J. H. Happel, ad-

jutant, 36 men.

Pocahontas Lodge, Independent Order of Red Men, 30 men.

Goethe Council No. 682, 20 men.

Germania Lodge No. 31, 100 men.

Freundschafts- Bund No. 1, 20 men.

Freundschafts - Bund No. 2, 20 men.

Social Beneficial Association No. 1, 20 men.

Woodberry Cornet Band.

German-American Democratic Club of the Third Ward, 150

men and one decorated wagon.

German Democratic Club of the Tenth Ward, 100 men.

United German Beneficial Association, Dr. Wm. Rickert,

adjutant, 30 men and four barouches.

Urania Pleasure Club, 14 members, in a decorated omnibus

drawn by four horses.

Bratwurst - Verein, two barouches.

La Mascotte Circle, 15 members, in a park phaeton.

German Branch of the Order of the Iron Hall, 4 barouches.

Hessen - Darmstädter Verein, 10 barouches.

Order of the Sons of Liberty — Harmonie Lodge No. 4;

Baltimore Lodge No. 10; Hermann Lodge No. 9, 225 men.

Band Wagon.

German Beneficial Society of Homestead, 10 barouches.

NINTH DIVISION.

Gardenville Cornet Band.

German-American members of the Grand Army of the Re-

public, 250 men.

German Landwehr Society, 100 men.

Sixth Ward German Democratic Club, 100 men; and all

German-Americans who do not belong to German societies.

PROMINENT GERMAN-AMERICANS.

Through the long line of the procession the transparencies

were distributed in honor of prominent Germans, who have fig-

ured in the history of their adopted country. The men so honored

were:—

Augustin Hermann, a highly cultivated German from Bo-

hemia, who, in the seventeenth century, farmed large lands in

Cecil county, Md. One of his descendants to-day is ex-Secretary

Bavard.

John Lederer, one of the earliest pioneers. He drafted a

map of Maryland.

Christian Mayer, the great-great-great-grandfather of Presi-

dent Chas. F. Mayer of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

Michael Tanner, a German in command of the Md. forces

in the Maryland-Pennsylvania border war.

Amelung, the founder of the glass works in America, He

established his glass factory in Maryland in 1718 on the Mono-

cacy.

Rittenhouse, the founder of the first paper mill in America,

near Philadelphia. The famous astronomer Rittenhouse is a

descendant of this family.

Gartz and Leipold, founders of the first sugar refinery.

They established the industry in Baltimore in 1796.

The first Bible printed in America was printed by a German

in the German language at Philadelphia.

The Brooklyn Bridge, planned by a German engineer,

Roebling.

The Sutro Tunnel, one of the greatest feats of engineering

in the world, planned by a German.

Muhlenberg, the celebrated German general, was the Speaker

of the first Congress of the United States.

Herkimer, Steuben and De Kalb, German generals in the

revolutionary war.

Battle of North Point. —

Gen. Stricker, a German, led the

forces to check the British advance.

Fort McHenry.— Planned by Laudenslager, a highly-edu-

cated German engineer.

Fort McHenry.— Defended by Armistead, a descendant of

German parents.

Dr. Kugler, a German physician and chemist, who intro-

duced gas-works in America. He illuminated Baltimore by gas

on April 1, 1814.

Druid Hill Park.—Planned and laid out by Faul, a German.

German-American sculptors, Rhinehart and Kaiser.

Coast-survey, Hassler and Hilgard.

1861-1865.—During these years more than 250,000 Germans

fought in the civil war.

Lithography - Xylography.— Large industries advanced in

America by Germans.

Johann Jacob Astor, the founder of the great Astor family.

He came to America from Waldorf, Germany, at the close of the

eighteenth century, with the intention of landing in Baltimore.

He was prevented from so doing by ice in the Chesapeake and

was compelled to proceed to New York.

Bierstadt, Lentze and Venino, celebrated German-American

painters. Lentze is the artist who conceived the celebrated paint-

ing "Washington Crossing the Delaware."

The first protest against slavery in America was made by

the German Quakers in April, 1688.

THESE MEN PRODUCED SUCCESS:

The first suggestion to make the observance of German

Day a general one among the Germans of Baltimore this year was

advanced by Mr. Edward F. Leyh at a regular meeting of the

German Historical Society on April 15, 1890. President John

G, Morris appointed Messrs E. F. Leyh, Isidor Loewenthal and

L. P. Hennighausen, a committee from the German Historical

Society to consult with committees from other German societies

to arrange for the celebration. Mr. Hennighausen went abroad

shortly after this and the work devolved upon Messrs. Loewen-

thal and Leyh. They invited Mr. Louis Schneider, President of

the United Singers of Baltimore, to assist them, and other prom-

inent gentlemen were invited, until the number grew to twenty-

two. They styled themselves the executive committee and unani-

mously elected Mr. Ernst Schmeisser president, Louis Schneider

vice-president, Isidor Loewenthal secretary, and R. M. Rother

treasurer. The other members of the committee were Ernst

Schmeisser, Isidor Loewenthal, Prof. Chas. F. Raddatz, Prof.

Otto Fuchs, Dr. George Reuling, F. Scheldt, Col. H. C. Tieck,

Ed. F. Leyh, Rev. Ed. Huber, H. A. Bosse, Edw. Raine, Fritz

Mayer, Col. R. D. Boss, Alb't F. Sterger, A. Martini, A. Knaup,

G. Siegmund, Louis Schneider, Dr. Wm. Gombel, Hugo Steiner,

Wm. Eckhardt, Fr. Jaschik, R. M. Rother and M. Teichmann.

Committee on Halls: Fritz Mayer, Dr. Geo. Reuling and

Prof. Otto Fuchs.

Music Committee: Edw'd Raine, L. Schneider, R. D. Boss,

Simon Felber and J. G. Wehage.

Committee on Speakers: Otto Fuchs, Charles E. Raddatz

and Dr. Geo. Reuling.

Finance Committee: Ew. F. Leyh, G. Siegmund, A. Martini,

Prof. C. F. Raddatz, Fritz Mayer, Dr. Wm. Gombel, H. Steiner,

Fr. Elenbrok, Col. R. D. Boss and R. M. Rother.

Press Committee: Isidor Loewenthal, Edward F. Leyh and

Prof. Chas. F. Raddatz.

Committee on Transparencies: R. D. Boss, Edw. F. Leyh,

Isidor Loewenthal and Prof. Chas. F. Raddatz.

Deception Committee: Prof. Chas. F. Raddatz, Prof. Otto

Fuchs, Edward Raine, A. Knaup, Louis Schneider, R. D. Boss,

Dr. G.

Reuling, Alb't F. Sterger, F. Seheidt, F. Bauernschmidt,

Jerome Vogeler, J. F. Requardt, Wm. P. B. Schmidt, H. J.

Hilken, Fr. Mayer, John C. Hinrichs, H. C. Tieck, F. Lahusen,

Louis Dohme, Hugo Steiner, Christian Ax, G. Siegmund, Geo.

Blumner, Fritz Polmyer, Louis P, Hennighausen, Hy. A. Bosse,

R. Wattenscheidt, Emil Kuhle, Wm. Eckhardt, Louis Dietrich,

Fr. Lentz, R. Pagenstecher, E. L. Felgner and A. Leidenroth.

Committee on Torchlight Procession: H. C. Tieck, Julius

Rupp, Fritz Mayer, Fr, Elenbrok, Franz Jaschik, Jacob Klein,

Hy. A. Bosse, Prof. Otto Fuchs, A. F. Knaup, Hugo Steiner,

Fr. Scheldt, Henry Poske, Anton Ostendorf, Martin Raither,

August Hengemihle, Wm. Eckhardt, Wm. P. B, Schmidt,

Herman Kuemmer.

NOTES OF THE DAY.

GOVERNOR JACKSON AND MAYOR DAVIDSON AMONG THE

SPECTATORS.—— THE "COMMERS."

The procession passed in review before Gov. Jackson and

Mayor Davidson at the City Hall. The Governor and Mayor

occupied seats on the portico, and were surrounded by Gen. J.

McKenny White, Gen. Jno. Columbus O'Donnel, Gen. Joseph

B. Seth, General Robert. Ober, General Clinton P. Paine, Gen.

J. B. Stafford, Col.

W. H. Love, Col. Parry Lee Downs, Col.

Thos. H. Evans and Sergt.-Major Gary Brown, of the Govern-

or's staff, Police Commissioner E. M. Shryver, Marshal Frey,

Rev. Dr. J. G. Morris, George W. Gail, Maurice Wiener, Prof.

Otto Fuchs, Dr. L. H. Steiner and E. L. Tunis. Mr. and

Mrs. Percy M. Reese, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph W. Whiteford and

Mrs. Thomas N. Patterson, by invitation of Mayor Davidson,

saw the procession from the windows of the Mayor's reception

room.

The committee in charge passed a resolution of thanks to

Messrs. Harris, Britton & Dean for their kindness in tendering

them the use of Harris' Academy, and also expressed their

thanks to Mr. W. S. Cleveland, manager of Cleveland's Minstrels,

for his kindness in allowing them the use of the stage.

When the head of the line reached Eutaw and German

streets, Chief Marshal Tieck and his active and honorary aides

drew up on both sides of Eutaw street and reviewed the line.

The first division of the procession was in review at the end

of the route as the end of the line was crossing Jones' Falls.

The houses on the route of the parade were gaily decorated,

and from many different colored fires were burned. The line

marched slowly and regularly, and took about one hour and

a-half to pass a given point. Every man in line as he passed

Washington Monument gave a hearty cheer, and additional

fire and fireworks were set off.

The end of the procession did not end the festivities.

The "Funken" held high carnival at the Concordia Annex.

The hall was decorated with streamers and American and

German flags. Two long rows of tables were spread for the

"Funken" and their guests. Among the latter were many

municipal officers and members of the Governor's staff. The

"Funken" appeared in their students' caps and sashes and wore

the rapier of the German student. Dr. Wm. Gombel as the

senior and Fritz Mayer, vice-senior, were the presiding officers,

while the poet laureate, Isidor Loewenthal, after declaiming a

poem written for the occasion, was also escorted to a seat of

honor.

The "United Singers of Baltimore," held forth at the

Germania Maennerchor Hall, on West Lombard street. The

hall was gaily decorated and illuminated with electric lights.

Several hundred singers were in the hall, and their merry

songs came forth through the windows into the foggy night

for many hours.

The "Arion" Singing Society held its own commers at

Mechanics Hall on Fayette street. There was also a commers

at Harugari Hall on East Baltimore street, where the members

of the order entertained their friends.