1890-1891 Meeting Minutes
Date
Text
MARCH 19, 1890-June 2, 1891
Transcribed document held at the Maryland Center for History and Culture, Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore Collection, MS 988, Box 3
[1]
The Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore
Book of Minutes
1st Meeting, March 19th 1890.
[2]
1st Meeting, Woman’s College.1
The initial meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore was held on Wednesday afternoon, March 19th [18]90 at four o’clock in the President’s lecture room of the Woman’s College, the privilege of the room having been kindly extended by Dr. John F. Goucher and Dr. Hopkins president of the college.
There were between thirty and forty ladies present in response to notes of invitation from Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey2 to those interested in organizing a woman’s literary club in Baltimore–
Aims and Objects of Club
The meeting was called to order by Miss Dorsey who stated briefly her object in asking the ladies to assemble there. At her request Mrs Fabian Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] then explained, in a few well chosen words, the aims and objects of the proposed association which would be to further greater intellectual development among the women of Baltimore and to promote social relations among those of similar tastes.
Requisites of Admission
Interchange of opinion then followed as to the eligibility for membership in such a club, and it was the popular opinion that those only should belong who had sufficient interest in literature to have devoted some time and thought to original work for either newspapers and magazines or of a more lasting nature.
Name
Letters of advice and congratulations from Mrs Jenny June Croly and Mrs Frank Leslie3 were read by Miss Dorsey. The appropriate name for the Club was then discussed–many names were suggested including “The Writer’s Club”, “Pen Club”, “Contemporary Women”, “The Nineteenth Century”, “The Literary League”, and “The Sphynx”–no one of
[3]
these was chosen and the matter was laid over.
Election of Officers
Miss Dorsey was then asked to occupy the chair and the election of officers followed resulting in the unanimous election of Mrs Lawrence Turnbull [Francese Litchfield Turnbull] for President, Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey Vice President, Mrs George Whitelock [Louise Clarkson Whitelock] Secretary and Miss Fabian Franklin Treasurer.
Election of Executive Committee
The Executive Committee was then nominated and elected including Mrs Henry Stockbridge Sr [Fanny Eliza Montague Stockbridge], Mrs Mary Spear Tiernan, Mrs Chas.[Charles] W. Lord [Alice Emma Sauerwein Lord], Mrs Henry P. Goddard [Li Goddard] and Miss Bond–Mrs George Whitelock and Miss Bond subsequently declined serving.
Board of Management
The Officers and executive committee were then appointed the Board of Management and authorized to meet together to draw up a Constitution and by-laws for the government of the Club. The meeting then adjourned.
Copied by Eliza Ridgely from Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey’s Minutes of above meeting
[4]
2nd General Meeting–April 22nd 1890
2nd Meeting Albion Hotel
The second general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore was held on Tuesday afternoon April 22nd at four o’clock in a private parlor of the Albion Hotel.
President’s address
Mrs Lawrence Turnbull [Francese Litchfield Turnbull] President of the association opened the meeting with a brief address explaining the “lines upon which we expect to work” and presenting more definitely than had been previously done, the aims and objects of the Club, not the least important of which will be, if I may (quote) Mrs Turnbull’s words, “to encourage exact and noble thinking among our women, hoping to prove that added strength will cultivate larger grace of speech and manner, keener instincts of pure womanliness, a deeper appreciation of the precious opportunities of the home life with a truer comprehension of its responsibilities–a broader and not less loving and believing heart.[”]
Constitution submitted
At the close of the President’s address Mrs Mary Spear Tiernan, Chairman of the Executive Committee, submitted the Constitution which was discussed and voted upon clause by clause4–[Amendment of Section 5 of Article 2nd] Each section of Articles 1st and 2nd were carried unanimously to the 5th section of Article 2nd when Mrs Henry Stockbridge [Fanny Eliza Montague Stockbridge] proposed the amendment that the Secretary be appointed custodian of the official documents of the Club which was voted upon and carried–Article 3rd was adopted without alteration.
Discussion on Sec[tion] 5, Art[icle] 4th
Sections 1, 2, 3, and 4 of Article 4th were unanimously carried. Objections were taken to Section 5th of Article 4th relating to “the suppression of the liberty of the press." Animated discussion followed the reading of this clause. Miss Henrietta Szold proposed that the word “license” by substituted for “liberty."
[5]
Miss Eliza Ridgely thought it a pity for the organization of women to protest against the press since it has done so much good.
Miss [Hester Crawford] Dorsey suggested that it was not the “press,” but some of its abuses against which we would protest. Mrs Turnbull then stated very clearly that while recognizing the value and good of the press we are opposed to the publicity given to the privacy of the home life.
Miss Miriam Mason suggested that the proceedings of such an organization which is of a public character could not apply to private life.
Discussion closed
The discussion was finally closed by Mrs Henry Stockbridge who proposed the clause by amended to read as follows[:] “No reports of the meetings shall be given to the press without approval of the officers.[”]
Election of Secretary
The further reading of the Constitution was then postponed and the election of a secretary followed resulting in the unanimous election of Miss Eliza Ridgely to the office. [Election of 2 members of Executive Committee] A vote by ballot was then taken for the election of two members to the Executive Committee to supply vacancies–Mrs Alan P. Smith [Emily Anna Smith] and Miss Emma [Fenwick] Brent were elected.
Miss H. C. Dorsey secretary pro tem., then recorded the names of the ladies who signified their desire to join the Club.
The meeting then adjourned to meet two weeks from that day.
(Taken from Miss H. C. Dorsey’s Minutes by E Ridgely)
[6]
3rd General Meeting April 29th 1890
3rd Meeting Albion Hotel
The third general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club took place on Tuesday April 29(?) in a private parlor of the Albion Hotel–Mrs Turnbull [Francese Litchfield Turnbull] presiding
Articles on Salon read.
Articles on the “Salon” were read by Miss Mason [M. P. Mason?] and Mrs Lord [Alice Emma Sauerwein Lord].
Mrs Tiernan [Mary Spear Tiernan] was acting Secretary.
Constitution finished.
The reading of the Constitution was finished
Adjourned
1st Salon–May 6th 1890.
1st Salon; Altamont Hotel
The first Salon of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore was held on Tuesday, May 6th, at four o’clock, in private parlors of the Altamont Hotel. The meeting was a social one and quite informal. There were about thirty members present who were received by the President and other Officers.
Paper by Mrs Franklin
An interesting paper was read by Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin], Treasurer of the Club, on ‘Some objections to Prof. Newcome’s opinion of Bellamy’s “Looking Backward.”’
Discussion on Socialism
This article was followed by the discussion of Socialism by Mrs Franklin and Miss [Henrietta] Szold, which was both pleasant and instructive.
By the suggestion of the President, the Club was divided into several parties for debate and conversation.
Poem by Mrs Caskin
During the afternoon an original humorous poem in the style of Oscar Wilde, on “The Woman of the Period,” was read by Mrs [Theodore] Caskin and received with applause.
Music by Miss M. Mason
Miss Miriam Mason contributed much to the pleasure of the Salon by two charming piano selections. The meeting adjourned about six o’clock.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[7]
4th General Meeting May 13th 1890
4th Meeting 18 E. Madison St.
The fourth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore took place on Tuesday afternoon May 13th, at four o’clock in the parlors of number 18 East Madison Street. The meeting was called to order by the President, and the minutes of the 1st Salon were read.
Miss Grace’s paper on Salon–Mankind and Makers
Miss [Mary F.] Grace read a paper on “The Mankind of the Salon and Salon Makers." Paris was named as the home of the Salon, esprit and repartee as its life, conversation its aim and end, as sense of freedom the great attraction to its members, and exquisite tact and versatility the requisites of its leaders such as Madames Recamier and Rambouillet.
Her suggestion
Can we not try to make the Salon indigenous to ourselves? Mrs [Li] Goddard’s paper also on the “Salon” was read by Miss [Florence] Bailey. The Salon was always presided over by a woman–argument and thought were ever important, music was used–literature, art, fashion, politics discussed and a club room absolutely needed.
Mrs Graham on Women’s Congress
A note of congratulation was read from the Woman’s Club of Denver. Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham Vice President of the Women’s Congress’ invited membership, stated the aim of the association, its dues and privileges.
Mrs Turnbull on Lanier’s “Psalm of the West"
Mrs [Francese Litchfield] Turnbull then read a paper on Sidney Lanier’s “Psalm of the West,” citing many beautiful passages, glancing at our national history from chaos through the Norsemen, the noble Columbus, and our various wars to our present great prosperity–speaking of the lifting up of the individual Self in man, his intellectual growth through freedom and love, until we see a glimpse of him as he should be–self-possessed yet humble, looking up to God–the Catholic man.5
Mrs Collyer on Literary Association of Dubuque
Mrs Collyer spoke to the meeting of the Literary Association of Women of Dubuque, Iowa–its methods–is management–its age (founded 1857); after which the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[8]
**
2nd Salon–May 20th 1890**
2nd Salon Altamont Hotel
The second Salon of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday, May 20th, at four o’clock in [the] private parlor of the Altamont Hotel. The order of the proceedings was changed and the meeting called to business.
Committees. Chairmen. The Brownings of the Lake Poets added.
The President suggested that Committees be formed for the coming winter’s work, and formed at once so that the summer’s leisure might be utilized. The plan was adopted and various Committees were named and several Chairmen appointed. By special suggestion, “The Brownings and The Lake Poets” were added to the division of Poetry. Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] announced to the Club that women had been invited by Johns Hopkins University professor to two geological excursions and to a lecture on geology.
Poem[s] “The Poet’s Answer”, “In the Woods”
Two original poems were read during the afternoon: “The Poet’s Answer” by Miss Miriam Mason, and “In the Woods” by Mrs Charles W. Lord [Alice Emma Sauerwein Lord]. Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham moved that the Club be adjourned for the summer two weeks from that evening, which was carried. The meeting adjourned, having had about 30 members present.
E. Ridgely
Secretary7
[9]
5th General Meeting–May 27th 1890.
5th Meeting Altamont Hotel
The fifth meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club took place on Tuesday, May 27th, at 4 o’clock, in private parlors of the Altamont Hotel. The meeting was called to order by the President, and the minutes of the last literary meeting were read.
New Members announced, read and proposed. Schedule of Summer Work. “Sunrise” read. Sidney Lanier. President’s paper on Sidney Lanier
New members’ names were announced, and others proposed for membership, after which the Schedule of Summer Work was read. Sidney Lanier was the literary subject of the afternoon, and Miss Virginia [Woodward] Cloud read his beautiful poem “Sunrise.” Mrs [Francese Litchfield] Turnbull gave an original article, “seeking to present his personality to those who had not known him.” He believed in the beauty of holiness and the holiness of beauty, in the importance of the individual; his poetry is full of music and may be called of the neo-Hellenic–Hebraic type. His art life was short. Of him it was rightly said that he was “his own best poem”–“Sure of the father, self, and Love alone.”
Some of Lanier’s poems read
By Mrs Turnbull’s request, Miss Cloud read the beautiful love song “In the Heart of the Hills of Life,” and she read also the “Ballad of the Trees and the Master." Mrs Theodore Caskin asked for “Corn” which was read in part by Mrs Turnbull, and Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham read “Barnacles."
Vote of thanks to President; Last literary meeting of season
After the literary exercises a vote of thanks to the President was passed by the Club, and the last literary meeting of the Season closed.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[10]
3d Salon–June 3d 1890.
3d Salon Altamont Hotel
The third Salon of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday, June 3d, at four o’clock, in private parlors of the Altamont Hotel. In the absence of the President, the meeting was called to order by the 1st Vice President–Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey.
Committees on Art & Drama suggested. Committee on Music. Board meeting. New members voted in. Eminent Women to be first Committee in Autumn
The minutes of the last meeting were read and the “Schedule for Summer Work” was brought forward, when the addition of Committees on “Art” and the “Drama” was suggested, and the Committee on “Music as a Science etc” was formed, with Miss May [Garrettson] Evans, Chairman. Being the last meeting of the Summer, the Board of Management with 7 members present was called together, when new members were voted into the Club, and it was decided that the Committee on “Eminent Women” with Miss Emma [Fenwick] Brent, Chairman, shall take charge of the literary entertainment at the next general meeting to be held on the 1st Tuesday of October.
Verses read
Verses were then read to the Club: by Miss Cloud [Virginia Woodward Cloud] “In a Rose Jar”–original, and “Her eyes are like the violet” written by Miss Lizette Woodworth Reese; and by Mrs Dobbin “Foiled Aspirations”–original.
The Salon adjourned having had about 14 members present.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[11]
[Board of Managers meeting minutes from Sept. 23 and Oct. 14, 1890, follow and have been moved to the Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[13]
6th General Meeting–October 7th 1890.
6th Meeting 861 Garden St. President’s address. Co-education address Mrs Tiernan. Apology–Caskin. Poems–Reese. Paper–Lord. Paper–S.W. Dorsey. Paper–Brent. Poem–Grace. Poems of Empress of Japan
The 6th general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club, and the 1st business meeting for the autumn of 1890 was held on Tuesday, October 7th, at 861 Garden Street, at 4 o’clock, with the President in the chair and 51 members present. The literary entertainment was as follows:
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Opening address by the President declaring that the gift of beauty is divine–in writing as elsewhere, and hoping that the Club will be careful always to encourage only that which is truly beautiful, never that which covers evil though it be with the glitter of exquisite words.
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Address by Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan on “Co-education”: why not harmful to manners, morals, health or the duties of woman?
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An “Apology” by Mrs [Theodore] Caskin for the non-appearance of her paper on Eminent Women pleading the bewildering fulness of the subject.
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Five poems from the forth-coming volume of Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese recited by Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud, namely: “Lord, oft I come”, “Tell me some way”, “April in Town”, “Lydia”, and “An Old Song.”8
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“Women in Literature”, by Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord], praising especially–in poetry, Mrs [Elizabeth Barrett] Browning; in fiction, George Eliot–also a greeting to the Club.
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“A Study in Brilliants” by S. [Saffie] W. Dorsey–or an appeal for the undiscovered–in nature, in art, and in the Club–also notice of distinguished writers present and mention of the press.
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“Eastern Women” by Miss [Emma Fenwick] Brent being a certain lovely princess [lines left for missing text] . . . and charming Rebecca–the mother of Israel.
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Recital by Miss [Mary F.] Grace of a poem on the song of a bird.
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Poems by [the] Empress of Japan, read by Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey, being extracts from the letter of a professor in the university of Tokio. Meeting adjourned. [Marginal note] Add proposed members’ names read.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[14]
7th General Meeting October 14th 1890
7th meeting 861 Garden St.; New Committee; Honorary members
The 7th general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday, October 14th, 1890, at 861 Garden Street, at 4 o’clock, with the President in the chair. There were about 25 members present. After the reading of the minutes of the last meeting by the Secretary, the names of the literary Committees were ready by the President and members invited to join them. A new Committee was formed–“The Authors and Artists of Maryland”–Mrs Alan [Ellen Anna Jones] Smith, Chairman.
Miss [Grace Denio] Litchfield was declared an honorary member of the Club, and Miss Fothergill9 proposed as such.
Foreign members; Encourage members’ work; New work mentioned; Treasurer’s article; Lecture, Marie Bashkirtseff
It was suggested that certain distinguished women in foreign countries be made honorary members–as Mrs Arthur Caley, Cambridge, England, and Miss Amelia B. Edwards. Also suggested that the literary works of our own members be encouraged and welcomed by the Club. Notice given of a new book of poems by Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese and of another story “The Web of Gold” by Miss [Katharine Pearson] Woods. Attention called to the forthcoming article by the Treasurer of the Club in the series of papers on “Woman’s Work in America”[.]10 Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham through Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord invited the Club to hear Mrs [Mary] Livermore lecture in the evening at the Woman’s Congress. A paper was read by Mrs [Li] Goddard on “Marie Bashkirtseff” followed by general conversation on the subject. Also a paper on “Caroline Schlegel” by Mrs [Julia R.] Tutwiler, and conversation by the Club.
Voting on 20 immortelles
The members were invited to vote on 20 immortelles in literature, and send answers to “The Critic” through 2nd Vice President.11 Proposed members’ names read. Meeting adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[15]
8th General Meeting–October 21st 1890.
8th meeting 861 Garden St.; Alterations in Constitution proposed; Elections day; Salon 1 a month; Club quorum
The eighth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday, October 21st, 1890, at 861 Garden Street, at 4 o’clock, with the President in the chair. Members present 32. After reading of minutes of last meeting by Secretary, the President proposed certain alterations in the Constitution that Art[icle] 6, Sec[tion] 1 be changed so that the election of officers shall take place at the last business meeting Tuesday in May instead of the first Tuesday in December. To be considered by the Club and voted upon later; that Sec[tion] 2 be changed so that a Salon shall be held only the last Tuesday in each month instead of every other week, leaving the other Tuesdays for literary meetings. Also to be voted upon by the Club; that Art[icle] 7, Sec[tion] 1 be added the words “where 20 shall constitute a quorum,” thus more definitely settling the number of votes required to make any change in the Constitution.
The President also called attention to Art[icle] 4, Sec[tion] 2, reminding the Club that moral influence is even more to be desired than literary excellence.
Moral influence; Papers: Crane on Browning; Lord on Mrs Browning; Mrs Graham’s suggestion; 2 Browning letters; Names proposed read.
Papers were read by Miss [Lydia] Crane on “Robert Browning”–a poet and a teacher, and by Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord on “Mrs Browning." Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham proposed that the opposite side be taken and a paper given by a non[-]admirer of Browning. Two very interesting unpublished letters of Mr and Mrs Browning were read to the Club by the President.
Names of proposed members read. Meeting adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[16]
4th Salon–October 28th 1890.
4th Salon 861 Garden St.; Social meeting; Refreshments and tea served; Paper–Graham on John Howard Payne and poem; Poem–President, Mrs Caskin; Committee list and officers circulated
The fourth Salon of the Woman’s Literary Club and the first of autumn of 1890 was held on Tuesday October 28, at 861 Garden Street at 4 o’clock. About 50 members present including the President, Officers and Executive Committee. Meeting in great measure social so that the members might become known to one another. Light refreshments were served and tea tables presided over by Miss H. C. [Hester Crawford] Dorsey and Miss [Louisa Courtland Osburne] Haughton, assisted by Misses [Katharine Pearson] Woods, [Lizette Woodworth] Reese, [Eveline Rieman] Early, [Saffie] Dorsey, [May Garrettson] Evans, and [Eliza] Ridgely. Later a paper was read by Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham on John Howard Payne ending with a poem. The President also read a poem, and Mrs [Theodore] Caskin on Browning. During the meeting a paper was circulated by Miss Eleanor Turnbull, containing the names of the Officers of the Club, and the list of Committees on literary work with the names of their Chairmen.
Meeting adjourned about 6 o’clock.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[17]
9th General Meeting-- November 4th 1890.
9th meeting 861 Garden St.; “The Brownings” Committee; Poem–Dobbin; Paper–Grace; Poem–President; Voting upon changes in Constitution; Election Day; Salon Day; Club quorum; Members named; Recollections–Adams; Reminiscences–Tait.
The ninth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday afternoon, November 4th, 1890, at 861 Garden Street, with the President in the chair. Members present 23. The literary work of the meeting was under the auspices of Miss [Lydia] Crane, Chairman of the Committee on “The Brownings," and its general aim to present the non-admirable side of Robert Browning. After the reading of the minutes of the last general meeting by the Secretary, Mrs Dobbin gave by request “The Poet and the Earth Worm.” Miss [Mary F.] Grace read “The Fall of Ulysses or A Student of Browning,” written by Charles Wright Willard. The President gave by request “A Purée aux Haricots noirs à la Browning” from “Francesca’s Fancies." By desire of the President, the Secretary read to the Club–to be voted upon–certain suggested alterations of the Constitution, as follows: Sec[tion] 1–To change the annual voting day for Officers from November 1 to the last business meeting day in May. Carried; Sec[tion] 2. To hold a Salon the last meeting day of each month instead of every other Tuesday. Carried; Sec[tion] 7. To add to the clause allowing Constitution to be changed by a two thirds vote of the members present at a meeting, the words “where 20 shall constitute a quorum." Carried. After nomination of new members by the Club, Miss Adams gave some personal recollections of Mrs Browning’s funeral–so quiet, so beautiful! Mrs [Anna Dolores Tiernan] Tait read a portion of “The reminiscences of Mrs Tait,” including Browning criticism of Bleak House [novel by Charles Dickens]. Mrs [Theodore] Caskin suggested that some members of the Club might be able to give personal recollections of some of the Italian refugees. Proposed members’ names read. Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[18]
[Board of Managers meeting minutes from Nov. 4, 1890, follow and have been moved to the Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
10th General Meeting–November 11th 1890.
10th meeting 861 Garden St.; Paper–Stockbridge; Poem–Stockbridge; Address–Tiernan
The tenth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, November 11th, 1890, at 4 o’clock, with the President in the chair. Members present 33. The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary. The first paper was by Mrs [Henry Stockbridge] on Mrs Erminia A. Smith of Jersey City, geologist, mineralogist and founder of an aesthetic society. Mrs Stockbridge also read a youthful poem by Mrs W[illia]m Crawford, on “a dying shark’s opinion of Mrs Erminia A. Smith." Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan gave an address on “Expression”–of faces and words, and mentioned the necessity of distinct speaking in our modest America and at the Woman’s Literary Club.
Paper–Minor; Paper–McCoukey; Journal–Grace; Suggestion–Crane
Miss [Fannie] Minor read a paper on “A Path to Eminence for Women” and the President gave Miss [Rebecca] McCoukey’s article entitled “Far above Rubies." Miss [Mary F.] Grace read the account of an interview with Madames [Juliette] de Récamier and [Germaine] de Stäel, taken from Mrs John Izard Middleton’s [Eliza Augusta Falconet Middleton] Journal written in 1829. The President called attention to the various Committees. Miss [Lydia] Crane suggested that the literary subject for each week be announced at the preceding meeting. Names read. Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[19]
[Board of Managers meeting minutes from Nov. 18, 1890, follow and have been moved to the Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
11th General Meeting–November 18th 1890.
11th meeting 861 Garden St.; Names read; Letters of acceptance of honorary members; Paper–Franklin; Discussion; Meeting hour changed; Paper–Dorsey, Paper–Malloy.
The eleventh general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, November 18th at 4 o’clock, with the President in the chair. Members present about 39. The minutes of last meeting were read by Secretary,–also the names of proposed members, and letters of acceptance of honorary membership from Mrs Alice Freeman Palmer and Miss Grace Denio Litchfield. The Treasurer of the Club [Christine Ladd-Franklin] read an article soon to be published in the 19th Century entitled “Intuition and Reason." Being a reply to Mrs Grant Allen’s paper in the Forum on “Intuition."12 After general discussion of the subject, the Club, by President’s suggestion, voted to change the hour of meeting, finally adopting 3.30 P.M. Papers were read by Miss M.V. [Marian V.] Dorsey] on “The Supremacy of the Individual or a Word for the Minority”, and by Miss [Louise] Malloy on “Women in the Professions[.]”
Meeting adjourned
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[20]
5th Salon
[The remainder of the page is blank.]
[21]
12th General Meeting–December 2nd 1890.
12th meeting 861 Garden St.; Honorary member present; Poems–Cloud; Works presented
The twelfth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, December 2nd, 1890, at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair. About 30 members present, among whom was the honorary member Mrs [Caroline “Danske”] Dandridge. The President stated that as nothing has been heard from Mrs Stanley, there would be no Salon on Thursday, December 4th. After reading of minutes of last business meeting by Secretary, Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud read 2 poems. One was “The Garden Way." The President announced that Mrs Dandridge had presented her works to the Club.
Paper–Miller; Poem–Graham; Tale–De Profundis; Poems Dandridge; Letter–Cayley
A paper was read by Mrs John Miller on Charles Kingsley, poet, clergyman, novelist. After conversation on the topic a poem was read by Mrs Graham [Elizabeth Turner Graham] entitled “The King’s Message,[”] being a selection from her own works which she had presented to the Club.
Miss [Louisa Courtland Osburne] Haughton–2nd Vice President–read a tale called “De Profundis” written on Sidney Lanier’s poem “Music is Love, in search of a Word." Two poems written by Mrs Dandridge were read by Miss Cloud and Miss Reese [Lizette Woodworth Reese]–”The Dead Moon” and “The Angels’ Song."
After reading by the Secretary of Mrs Cayley’s [Mrs. Arthur Cayley] letter accepting honorary membership, the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[22]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Dec. 2, 1890 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[23]
13th General Meeting–December 9th 1890.
13th Meeting 861 Garden St.; Miss Toulmin Smith; Address–Tiernan; Discussion on the religious and the artistic novel; Old M.S.–Smith, 15th Century
The thirteenth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street on Tuesday afternoon, December 9th, at 3.30 o’clock, President in chair–about 45 persons present, among whom Miss L. Toulmin Smith, of Yorkshire, England. Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan gave an address on “Fiction as an Art” followed by discussion between Mrs Tiernan and Miss K.P. [Katharine Pearson] Woods on the point raised that “the religious novel is not usually the artistic novel”–which was laid aside for fuller discussion on some afternoon. Miss L.T. [L. Toulmin] Smith spoke on “The Story of a 15th Century M.S.” (?) in possession of the Cornwallis family, and described M.S. as containing accounts, poems, and plays indiscriminately written down.
Miss Smith read account of story of dialogue of boy and Roman emperor Hadrian–the boy supposed to be Jesus, and the story to teach of the nine kinds of angels, the three means of attaining life, seven heavens, ways of fasting, etc. Miss Smith also told of old miracle plays–performed in succession, so that by going from one to another, peasants could be instructed in story of Bible, and she read selections from play of “Abraham and Isaac”, of sacrifice on “Mt. Vision”, the boy “so meek” asking for the “quick beast”, of binding of Isaac’s hand, of covering of his face with cloth, of his request that he might at least “not see the sword”, of angel praising Abraham for keeping commandment, and of sacrifice of “gentle sheep." Miss Smith also referred to tale of a purgatory supposed to be in the wilds of Ireland, and designed to teach doctrine of purgatory.
Baltimore Tale–Milnor
Mrs Tiernan, Chairman of Committee on Fiction then introduced Miss [Mary Worthington] Milnor and her maiden story “What the Chief Justice said”–a tale of Baltimore and of statue of Chief Justice Taney–read by Miss Milnor.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[24]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Dec. 12, 1890 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[25]
14th General Meeting–December 16th 1890.
14th meeting 861 Garden St; Portrait given by Mrs Graham; Women as Physicians; Paper–King
The fourteenth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street–Tuesday afternoon, December 16th about 3.30 o’clock with the President in chair, and about 45 persons present. After reading of minutes by Secretary, President announced that a portrait of Bayard Taylor had been presented to the Club by Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham to whom warm thanks were tendered, a paper was read by Miss [Elizabeth T.] King on “The Medical Education of Women,” treating of the more recent development of the subject, of the advantage for study now given to women in many cities of the U.S., in many parts of Europe and in Canada and India, and of the necessity of co-education in many respects, for the sake of gaining needed self reliance.
Paper–Bullock
Mrs [Caroline Canfield] Bullock’s paper was upon “The Attitude of the Medical Profession towards Women Physicians” saying that in story and history, women in ancient times were taught medicine in individual cases, and in the college of physicians in Egypt, and–after a shuffle–in Athens; that, in Italy, between 1300 and 1800 many women were noted in medicine; that they were absolutely discountenanced by Philadelphia Medical Society in 1858; only half taught and received in the amphitheatre with shouts and hisses in Chicago; but finally overcoming all difficulties until one eighth of Boston physicians are women, and there are two or more women doctors in nearly every Southern state, and many women assistants in charge of females in insane asylums, while Dr Alice Bennett in Norristown is the successful chief in command of the female wards.
Paper–Hampton
A paper was read by Miss [Isabel] Hampton on “How Women Physicians are regarded by the Laity,” stating that,
[26]
although women are allowed to become doctors, neither men nor women like the profession to be adopted by members of their own families, that truly women in the past have not been fully qualified and must set up a higher standard–higher than men have set–that women have worked against women even more than men have done; and suggesting that women physicians are very much needed in the country, and that it would be better to close smaller schools and open large well fitted colleges.
Paper–Dr. Hall
The next paper was by Dr Alice Hall [Alice T. Hall Chapman], Chairman of Committee on “Women as Physicians” on “The Success of Women as Physicians." Dr Hall said that their financial success is good, average income being $2907.30 against $1500 for the average man physician, their ability may not yet be fully proved as women have not written much nor sought causes of disease, although they have invented some instruments, their authority and influence may be proved by power at least in the insane asylums, but whether her physical strength is sufficient has not yet been worked out. Women should be made supervisors of health.
Motion; Magazine & room of our own.
Miss [Emma Fenwick] Brent made a motion that these papers be given to the public, seconded by Mrs Graham–who moved also that another paper be prepared on “What Women do in Medicine." 1st motion amended for reasons of economy by Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] who proposed to give papers to an existing magazine. Carried. Dr Hall seconded by Miss Haughton [Louisa Courtland Osburne Haughton] suggested that Dr [Kali Campbell] Hurd prepare the paper asked for by Mrs Graham. Carried. Both matters entrusted to Dr Hall’s care. Mrs Graham suggested that one day we may have a magazine and a room of our own, and stated that Mrs Rosalie Baker had promised personal reminiscences of Howard Payne.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[27]
[Minutes of Board of Managers meeting on Dec. 23, 1890 moved to the Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
15th General Meeting–December 23rd 1890.
15th meeting 861 Garden St; Song–Yardley “Home, Sweet Home”; Paper–Graham; Attention called to Prof. Crouch; Poems–Easter; Lanier Criticism (President) by Mr Hutton; Letter–Martineau
The fifteenth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, December 23rd at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair–about 27 persons present. After minutes of last meeting had been read by Secretary, Mrs [Alice] Yardley sang Payne’s “Home, Sweet Home”, assisted by Mrs [John] Miller and the Club. Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham read a paper on John Howard Payne whom she would have preferred to treat as a dramatist, had this not been “an afternoon with the poets." Mrs Graham recommended Payne’s Life by Gabriel Harrison and stated that the musical outline of “Home, Sweet Home” had been taken by Payne from a Sicilian air, arranged by Bishop, and with the words, first brought out publicly, in the opera of “Clara,” at Covent Garden Theatre, London, May 8–1823. A painting of a fireplace in John Howard Payne’s home in East Hampton was shown by Mrs Graham to the Club. Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord called attention to Professor F. Nicholls Crouch who resides in Baltimore, the composer of the music of Kathleen Mavourneen, and the writer of many poems. Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter read these original poems: “The Blessed Bambino,” “Summer’s Farewell” and “At Moon’s Meridian." The President read a complimentary criticism on Sidney Lanier by Mr Hutton editor of “The Spectator” an English magazine. Miss [Louisa Courtland Osburne] Haughton announced that an
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English clergyman had spoken of “Sun Springs” as the most exquisite poem he had ever read. The President read a letter from James Martineau, saying that Sidney Lanier should have been rather a musical composer than a poet as his depth of feeling was greater than his imagination or poetic skill. President announced that at Salon on following week Mrs [Elizabeth Wormeley] Latimer would read “The Vision of St Anthony”13 to which was added a poem by Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese. Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
6th Salon–December 30th 1890
6th Salon 861 Garden St.; Poem–Latimer; Poem–Reese; Social meeting
The sixth Salon of the W.L.C. was held at 861 Garden Street Tuesday afternoon, December 30th 1890 at 3.30 o’clock, with President in chair. About 34 persons present
Mrs [Elizabeth Wormeley] Latimer read “The Vision of St Anthony”–published in the January ’91 number of Harper’s monthly magazine. Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese read a poem–”A Lover’s Soul." Tea, coffee and cake were handed, and the rest of the afternoon was given to general conversation.
Adj[ourned].
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[29]
16th General Meeting, January 6th 1891
16th meeting 861 Garden St.; Letter–Dandridge
The sixteenth general meeting of W.L.C. held at 861 Garden Street, Tuesday afternoon, January 6th 1891, at 3.30 o’clock–President in chair. Members present about 34. Letter was read by Secretary from Mrs Danske Dandridge [Caroline “Danske” Dandridge] presenting her book of poems “Rose Brake” to the Club.14
“The Lake Poets” Paper–Lord; Paper–Griffin; Paper–Tutwiler; Paper–Easter.
Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord, Chairman of Committee on “The Lake Poets” gave a paper introducing them–Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey. Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin gave a paper on Wordsworth–speaking of triads necessary to poetry–1. endowment of genius; 2nd training of experience; 3rd happiness of expression;–again–heart and eye for nature, and boldness to expound her;–that Wordsworth writes according to Coleridge’s testimony with “austere purity of style”–also a poet of nature although as has been said man is often “kept waiting while the poet muses." Mrs [Julia R.] Tutwiler read a paper on Southey–describing him as having literary faculty–no genius; as being industrious–not inspired with the faculty of construction abnormal. The next paper was on Coleridge by Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter read by Mrs [John] Miller–Coleridge a fine thinker but an intellectual criminal, having defrauded mankind by work only partly completed–the “Ancient Mariner” being the only finished work in a “life of beginnings.”
Adj[ourned].
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[30]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Jan. 6 and Jan. 13, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1891 document.]
[31]
17th General Meeting–January 13th 1891
17th meeting 861 Garden St.; Death of Mrs Tiernan announced; Resolutions passed.
The seventeenth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was called for Tuesday, January 13th at 3.30 o’clock–861 Garden Street[.]
On learning the great loss that had come to the Club in the death of Mrs Mary Spear Tiernan, the meeting adjourned after passing resolutions of regret.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
18th General Meeting–January 20th 1891.
18th meeting 861 Garden St.; President’s New Year’s address; President’s tribute to Mrs Tiernan; Tiernan memorial day.; Zacharias’ poem.; Miss Cloud read Mrs Lord’s poem; Secretary read resolutions
The eighteenth meeting of W.L.C. was held on Tuesday, January 20th 1891, at 861 Garden Street, at 3.30 o’clock–President in chair–about 28 persons present. The President gave a New Year’s address to the Club stating that true talent is born of reverence and included true desire for truth and progress, and expressing the wish that the best talent of the Club may be brought out, and suggesting association in Committees as one means to this end. The President also spoke of the great power for good Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan might have had in the Club, had she lived, of the gifts of voice and speech, of her vivacity, enthusiasm, courtesy and keen interest in literature. The Club noted by motion of President that a memorial day be appointed for Mrs Tiernan.
The President read a note from Miss [Jane] Zacharias accompanying an original poem on the death of Mrs Tiernan. Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud then read Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord’s poem on Mrs Tiernan, and the Secretary read the resolutions of regret adopted by the Club.
Mrs Graham on Woman’s Work and Progress
Mrs Graham [Elizabeth Turner Graham] spoke on “Woman’s Work and Progress”, suggesting that the surest advance is always through the conquest of self.
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Miss C. P. [Katharine Pearson] Woods’ papers on “Woman in Church and State”
Miss Woods Pearson Woods read a paper on “Woman in Church and State” – we speak of Mother Church, Mother Country, yet men are the sole rulers, and women have no voice in the affairs of either. Some say that woman’s sphere is the four walls of home–unscientific conclusion woman’s orbit must be regulated by balance of powers within and without. The sexes agree that in Church and State men shall rule–women be ruled, yet both were created in the image of God. The dual principle ignored exerts itself in disease and divorce. Woman, as the uncompromising holder of ideas, the world misses in leaving out woman. Man will not be the heaven-father to his household, the woman must become so. We see the dual nature in her: the heaven-father to her children, for then she must go out into the world and protect them at the polls from disease and death. Woman’s presence must purify commerce and make the state religious, that the dual nature may also come into Church and State. She should not be parish priest; for man is the priest–woman the prophet–and both should lead onto victory.
Dr Mark spoke on women.; Class in Political Economy
Dr [Nellie V.] Mark spoke next. She approved of women as ministers and at the polls, though they cannot be injured by voting, and need not fear disrespect at the polls, as was proved in Boston when they voted on the school question.
The President announced the subject of the next meeting, and stated that a class in Political Economy would be formed and would be open to all.
Reception to Miss Dorsey proposed.; Motion on wedding gift.
The proposition that the Club give a reception to Miss H.C. Dorsey [Hester Crawford Dorsey Richardson] after her wedding was made by Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin], seconded by Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter and passed.
Also the mention that the Club give some little remembrance to
[33]
Miss Dorsey was passed.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Jan. 20, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[34]
19th General Meeting–January 28th 1891
19th meeting 861 Garden St.; Letter from 1st Vice President
The nineteenth general meeting of the W.L.C. was called for Tuesday afternoon, January 28th 1891, at 3.00 o’clock, at 861 Garden Street.
The President was in the chair, and there were about 36 persons present.
A letter was read from Miss Hester Crawford Dorsey [Hester Crawford Dorsey Richardson], first Vice President of the Club.
Franklin–paper on Co-education
Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] read a paper on the “Education of Women in the South” which is soon to be published with other articles in the shape of a book called “Women in America."15 Mrs Franklin said that in the Southern states the lighter graces–as music–are more cultivated, and it is not easy to raise the desire for lighter studies. In 1840 there was a general awakening, and now there are 150 institutions capable to confer college degrees: of these 40 are co-educational, 21 for the colored of both sexes, 88 for women only.16 If only the University of Virginia would open its doors to women, modern education would close in on the whole South. In the Woman’s College of Baltimore the grade is the same as in men’s colleges, and there are laboratories and professors, a gymnasium, etc. The Southern wealth is getting so great that the standard of women’s colleges should rise. It is not necessary that all colleges should be open to women–they only ask admission to the best colleges. Bishop Hurst says the new University in Washington will be open to women. The Peabody fund established 114 free scholarships in 10 states, and industrial training was established in 1852. The Mississippi industrial school is excellent, and worthy of imitation.17
Next meeting; Lanier memorial; Reception Feb. 6.
The President announced that the next meeting would be held in her house, and would be kept as a memorial of Sidney Lanier,
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being the anniversary of his birth. The President also stated that a reception would be given at “The Lyceum” in February 6th, in honor of Miss Dorsey, one of the founders of the Club who was to be married. All Club members would have an invitation for an escort, and full dress would be worn if possible. Any flowers or art works sent for the reception should be to the care of Miss Adams.
Pres[ident’s] address on one of papers on Med. Ed. [Medical Education] of Women
An address was then read by the President in reference to one of the papers read on the “Medical Education of Women,” in which she stated that the papers are full of concentrated thought and research, but there had been one point not sufficiently discussed. We must be careful in seeking the lighter education of women–in co-education, in climbing we must be careful not to injure the delicate heart of refinement which gives women a certain advantage. Of course the proper aim of medicine is to eliminate itself, and necessity may at first require training that may later be set aside; for at first we consider ideas, then methods. Now that women are honest and earnest, let us protect the methods of learning medicine for the sake of future students.
Conversation on Medical education for women, co-education.
Mrs Smith announced that Miss Evarts holds a chair of medicine in Brussels.
Dr Hall [Alice T. Hall Chapman] said that in Stockholm there are women professors of mathematics, and in Italy, woman are associate professors of pathology and lecture to both men and women. Dr [Kali Campbell] Hurd said she had been always treated very well by men; she thought that women should be able to take a graduate-student course.
Mrs Franklin thought co-education would make the after-practice–as in consultation–less embarrassing.
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Dr Hall thought the influence of co-education on the refinement of women would be decided only by time. Miss [Louisa Courtland Osburne] Haughton suggested that women’s colleges should set a standard so high that only good, earnest women could enter.
Dr Hall also thought the better women seek higher culture, the inferior wish easy work.
The President thought when married women could write treatises.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
20th General Meeting–February 3rd 1891
20th meeting 1530 Park Avenue; Lanier memorial; Nevins’ musical tribute; President’s address; Lanier’s unpublished letters; Haman read “Sunrise”
The twentieth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on Tuesday afternoon, February 3d, after 3.30 o’clock, at the residence of the President, and was kept as a memorial day to Sidney Lanier being the anniversary of the poet’s birth. There were about 37 members present. Various memorials to the poet were shown–among others a musical tribute by Miss Nevins on “The Trees and the Master." The President addressed the Club on the birthday of the poet, and, suggesting that his own words are his best description, read some of his spontaneous utterances in unpublished letters–on Chopin, on Wagner “whose music is a gospel”, of the “bud [?] notes” of Neilsson, of Schumann who has the fault of Germans[–] their thought and genius showing want of fulness. Mrs [Louise C.] Haman[n] read Lanier’s poem “Sunrise”
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to the Club.18
Easter–original lines; Cloud read selections; Reese original verses; President gave “Sketch”; Lanier read “Dewdrop”, and Burton’s letter and sonnet; Graham original verses; Whitelock original verses; Dandridge’s verses; President lines
Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter gave original lines on the poet’s words, “I am lit with the sun."19
Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud read selections from “The Marshes of Glynn,” and Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese original verses entitled “The Lost Shepherd." The President gave Lanier’s “Sketch for a Marsh Hymn No. 4–Between Dawn and Sunrise."20
Mrs [Mary Day] Lanier read “The Dewdrop” by a Southern friend, and Richard Burton’s letter and sonnet “In Memoriam[.]”
Original verses were given by Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham–”A Tribute,” and by Mrs [Louise Clarkson] Whitelock “To Sidney Lanier."
The President read Mrs Dandridge’s [Caroline “Danske” Dandridge] verses “To Sidney Lanier”, and Miss Grace [Mary F. Grace] read selections from the poet’s prose article “From Bacon to Beethoven”, printed in the “No Name” number of Lippincott’s magazine for 1888. He said in effect, that music is not language, but language is a kind of music. Drawing must be assisted by reason as it possesses neither distance nor magnitude. True music and true morality will increase together. The piano is an imperfect instrument, having fixed tones, Shakespeare is master of conventional–Beethoven of unconventional tones; where Shakespeare ends, Beethoven begins.
The President then added a few words from herself, and lines written by her on Lanier’s visit to the woods with his family.21
Music by Beethoven Terrace Amateur Orchestra
The Club was invited to the music room where selections were given by the Beethoven Terrace Amateur Orchestra, and the poet’s flute was used.
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The selections were “Flower Song” from Lange, “Evening Star” (from Tannhäuser) by Wagner, and “The Palms” by Faure, after which refreshments were served, and the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
1st Reception–February 6th 1891
1st reception; The Lyceum; Conversation; Refreshments–Given to Mr and Mrs Richardson; Badge presented
The first public reception of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore was given in the Lyceum Parlors22 on Friday evening, February 6th 1891, at 7 o’clock.
The President and some of the members of the Executive Committee (or Board) received the guests, and the evening was spent in general conversation.
There were about 115 persons present.
Refreshments were served about 9 o’clock. The reception was given to Mr and Mrs Albert Levin Richardson.
Mrs Richardson [Hester Crawford Dorsey Richardson] is the 1st Vice President, and was one of the chief organizers of the Club. A badge in gold and amethysts bearing the Club monogram was presented to Mrs Richardson as a souvenir by the Club.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Feb. 17, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[40]
21st General Meeting–February 17th 1891
The twenty-first general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, February 17th, at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair. There were about 33 persons present.
A note was read to the Club by the President from Mrs Brune[?]–sister to Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan.
By Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham’s suggestion, it was decided that the following Tuesday should be kept as a Longfellow Memorial Day.
The announcement of the Reading by Mrs [Sarah] Cowell Lemoyne for the benefit of the “Home for Mothers and Infants” was made as a special notice by the President. Two poems “Sunlight” and “Pain”, written by one of our Honorary members-Miss Grace Denio Litchfield- were read by Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud and Mrs [Francese Litchfield] Turnbull.
Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter’s poem “Antigone” was read by Mrs [Louise C.] Haman. Miss Lizette Woodworth Reese gave a paper on “A little-known Poet”- Henry Timrod, born in Charleston S.C. 1829, died 1867.
Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud gave a paper on “Nursery Rhymes” referring–also–to the lullabies of nations.
The President read two original poems–“A Hymn to Old Age” written to her own grandmother, and “A Lyric of Love and Life."
Mrs [Louise Clarkson] Whitelock read original verses: “A Honeymoon in the Farnese Gardens."
Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham moved that each member be allowed on Tuesday to invite a friend interested in Longfellow. Motion not carried, as President stated such was not the habit of the Club.
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Mrs Graham presented to Miss Reese, Chairman of the Poetry Committee, for the “Poet’s Corner,” “A Valentine Greeting” from Mrs Graham and Mrs [Alice] Yardley–being a booklet entitled “A Captive Rose”–words by Mrs Graham–illustrations by Mrs Yardley.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
22nd General Meeting–February 24th 1891
The twenty second general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, February 24th, at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair. There were about 37 persons present.
Longfellow Memorial Day; Turner’s pictures.
The day was kept as a memorial of the poet Longfellow, and Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham lent for the occasion the copy of [Charles Yardley] Turner’s picture “The Courtship of Miles Standish,” and the etching by the artist himself of his picture “The Wedding Procession of Miles Standish.”
President’s address.
The President read a short address reminding the Club that a memorial day should not be a sad but a glad occasion.
Latimer’s Reminiscences.
Mrs [Elizabeth Wormeley] Latimer gave some personal reminiscences of Longfellow. She knew him when he was a young man, and took much interest in his love affairs, knew of his unsuccessful courtship of Miss Fannie Appleton of which “Hyperion” is the story, told of his visit abroad to the waters, how he came home to Boston quite whole-hearted, went to a Germania concert where the only vacant seat was by Miss Appleton, but, being cured, he resolved to take that one, had a pleasant evening, and feeling quite safe, resolved to call upon Miss Appleton–which resulted in an engagement in three weeks.
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Mrs Latimer also told that in a discussion at a dinner of the relative beauty of Mrs Norton and the Duchess of Sutherland, Dickens had pronounced the latter “The most Kissable,” and that when Mrs Agassiz had found a snake in her slippers, Agassiz hastened to enquire for “the other nine."
Mrs Latimer also spoke of Longfellow’s kindness to other authors, of his letters to herself–one dated Cambridge 1853, thanking her for her novel “Amabel."
Longfellow’s poem “Footsteps of Angels” was read by Mrs [Robert] Atkinson, and the President read a note from Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter saying that Evangeline was the first verse that appealed to her heart, and enclosing a “Sonnet to Evangeline”–also read by the President.
Miss Adams presented one of Longfellow’s autographs to the Club, sent by her sister Mrs Fields.
Miss Adams said that her knowledge of the poet was through his publisher–Mr Fields. Longfellow had a great aptitude for acquiring foreign languages, but was not much of a talker. Miss Adams had by Longfellow’s request, made a sketch of the rock of Norman’s Woe, for which she had received a letter of thanks.
Miss Adams also read extracts from the poet’s letters to Mr and Mrs Fields.
Moved and adopted by the Club that Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord’s paper be read at the next meeting, and further selections from Longfellow’s works.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[43]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Mar. 3, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
23rd General Meeting–March 3rd 1891
The twenty third general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, March 3rd, at 3.30 o’clock. The President was in the chair.
There were about 18 members present, and Miss Grace Denio Litchfield, honorary member.
A Longfellow Critique–Mrs Lord.
After the minutes of the last meeting has been read by the Secretary, Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord gave “A Longfellow Critique” describing the poet’s shorter productions as elevating in sentiment–illustration, “Learn how sublime a thing it is to suffer and be strong”; referring to his longer poems–to Hiawatha as an epic, to Miles Standish and Evangeline as idylls; and remarking on the strong color given to Longfellow’s style by his familiarity with the literature of other nations.
[44]
Scene–Evangeline & “Rose Jar” Miss Cloud
Miss [Virginia Woodward] Cloud read the description of a scene in “Evangeline” and by request an original poem “The Rose Jar,” soon to be published.
“Flowers” poem (President read.); “Japanese Flowers” Mrs Stockbridge
The President read Longfellow’s poem on “Flowers”, and Mrs [Mrs. Henry] Stockbridge gave a paper on “Japanese Flowers,"" first suggesting that the profession of landscape gardening is open to woman, and that we should study the plants of our own country. Japanese landscape gardening balances carefully between deciduous and evergreen trees, and the gardens harmonise in sentiment with the rank of the owners. Often they are used as chapels–they have been defined as “a place to retire after sleep”–they embody ideas, as “Domestic bliss in old age,” and are often retreats from the world. If aught in nature is wanted, something artificial is substituted: thus–a path of pebbles fringed with plants stands for a stream of water, and in an imitation of “The Pass of Hikone,” camellia trees evenly trimmed represented a plateau. Mrs Stockbridge had also seen a bridge literally made of growing wisteria.
A magnificent Japanese tree is the exogenous umbrella pine with its cinnamon colored bark–its branches being sometimes 18 inches in diameter 50 feet from the stem. A row of these trees is growing well at the Agricultural College, Amherst, Mass. The bamboo of which there are impenetrable forests, is a most useful tree of pliant nature; and at a certain season the wealth of cherry blossoms is very attractive. The wood of the camellia is burnt for black lacquer; but the chief flower of Japan is the chrysanthemum. At the famous shows in the season, the flowers and plants are grown in panoramic tableaux–some even representing scenes from
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plays. In one much admired garden, the plants had all been artificially killed[?], making a most pleasing variety of shades, while in another a large white elephant was represented in growing flowers. At the university of Tokio, there is a three years’ course of study in making bouquets.
Death announcement non-res[ident] member, Mrs. Coleman
Before the adjournment of the Club, the President announced the death of a non-resident member–Mrs [Ann Mary] Chapman Coleman.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
24th General Meeting–March 10th 1891
The twenty fourth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, March 10th at 3.30 o’clock.
In the absence of the President, the 2nd Vice-President was in the chair, and later, when obliged to leave, the meeting was presided over by the Treasurer.
Emma Lazarus; Miss Szold
After the minutes of the last meeting had been read by the Secretary[,] Miss [Henrietta] Szold gave a paper on “Emma Lazarus." ‘Although woman’s nature is full of art, poetry, and high endurance, still she is very practical. The same strong ideality yet extreme reality and practical energy are especially noticeable in Jewish character. Emma Lazarus is less great in her earlier writings, and her article on “Disraeli” is untrue to her nation. After the Russian edict of 1882 was passed, she changed entirely–her poetry became sweeter and more earnest, her works full of practical suggestions and passionate feeling. Her aim was to find what to do with the persecuted Jews: if colonised, the new comers should be taught trades. To her surprise, she now found the Jewish heart true, warm
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and even pure; Daniel was the Jew of the future, and Mordecai’s ideas were hers.23 Miss Szold said that repatriation is not favorable, regarded in this country, and in Russia the political barriers seem too great–the Russian bear so close to Palestine and the sick man of Turkey so weak. However, Hebrew is being studied in Russia and taught and spoken in Palestine to avoid the mixture of many tongues.”
“Early Mosaics” Mrs. Griffin
After conversation by the Club, Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin read a paper on “Early Mosaics”–that their recommendation is indestructibility-- they build for eternity. There are three kinds–those made from cubes of marble, from slices of marble, and from glass. During the reading of this paper, photographs of various mosaics were shown to the Club.
“Occult Boston” Miss F. A. Doughty; “A Frenchman’s Account of the Garden of Eden”
A paper on “Occult Boston” was then given by Miss Frances Albert Doughty, of Washington, D.C., speaking of that part of Boston where live one or more theosophists; Dr Mayne–the mind-reader; and Dr Ahrens] of the mind cure, to whom disease is a cancer-crab shaped image clutching the mind with its claws.24 Miss Doughty also gave “A Frenchman’s Account of the Garden of Eden."
The acting President announced the subject of the next meeting “A Moral Purpose in Fiction,” and the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[47-48]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meetings of Mar. 10 and Mar. 17, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[49]
25th General Meeting–March 17th 1891
The twenty fifth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street on Tuesday afternoon, March 17th at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair. There were about 30 persons present.
President’s Greet[ing] “Woman’s Work in America”; Miller on “Novels”; Mrs. Tiernan’s note on “Jack Horner”
The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary, and a short greeting to the Club was given by the President who announced the publication of “Woman’s Work in America” edited by Mrs Anna [Annie] Nathan Meyer,25 and containing the paper on “Education in the South” by Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin]. Mrs [John] Miller read a paper on “Novels,” tracing their growth through the legend, ballad, epic, tale, and romance to their present form. Good novels may teach experience, break down narrowness, and inculcate great truths–from them one may learn heroism, self-sacrifice, charity. Novelists have a noble mission to perform in the training of the young.
A note from Mrs [Mary Spear] Tiernan on her last novel “Jack Horner” was read by the President.
“Moral Element in Fiction”–Mason
Miss [Miriam] Mason gave a paper on “The Moral Element in Fiction,” stating that books of fictitious values beautify evil which alone is so unattractive, and that from weighing the moral element in fiction, we turn to see fiction as a moral element. Miss Mason doubted if there is any book that does not produce some moral effect–noteworthy practical example: the People’s Palace of London.26
“Moral Purpose in Fiction”[–] Hoffman
Miss [Fanny] Hoffman read a paper on “Moral Purpose in Fiction” --A novel should be a work of art passing from the actual to the ideal world, tracing out the results of sin and rewards of virtue. A moral purpose should run through all novels, as they educate for good and evil.
[50]
The President announced that at the next meeting certain constitutional clauses should be taken up by the Club, and two members elected to the Board of Management in place of Mrs Tiernan and Miss [Emma Fenwick] Brent.
The President also read selections from [Sidney] Lanier and [E.C.] Stedman on works of art, and announced the subject “A Moral Purpose in Fiction” for present discussion. Mrs [Elizabeth Wormeley] Latimer thought the object of the novel without special moral was to help and comfort others as we are helped, that there should be a moral purpose but no moral.
The President thought an indirect moral purpose might render the story more attractive.
Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham wondered if the moral purpose is not higher when unconscious–the spiritual beyond the scientific!
Mrs Graham read “Thomas à Kempis”–a poem by Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese.
The President suggested that the various Committees study their subjects together, that we may have even better work than heretofore, and asked that word be sent to her when a paper is ready.
The President also announced that Miss [Grace] Balch will give a paper on “George Eliot” at the next meeting.
Adjourned
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[51-52]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Mar. 24, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[53]
26th General Meeting–March 24th 1891
26th general meeting 861 Garden St. March 24th; Constitutional changes proposed; Motion–Franklin; Addition to Section 6 of Article IV; Suggestion, President: Book of Club papers and poems; Discussion; Magazine of Club suggested; Historian perhaps; Club birthday; Motion on Constitutional clauses to be read “Salon” day; Paper–Balch read by Miller; On election of Board of Management; Motion–Franklin[,] elect 2 officers “today”; Motion–Colvin[,] Committee to investigate election methods; 2 members Executive Committee elected
The twenty sixth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, March 24th, at 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair. About 28 persons were present.
The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary. The President presented to the Club for consideration certain proposed changes in the Constitution, namely: an addition to Section 6 of Article II; the omission of Section 1 of Article III on the Literary Committee; the substitution of Sections 5, 6, 7 of Article IV on Elections of new members for the old Sections 5 and 6; and the addition of Section 9 of Article IV on Honorary Membership.
Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] moved that the following addition be made to Section 6 of Article IV, “Any member of the Club who has objections to the admission of such new members shall communicate them to some member of the Board of Management, and the Board shall then reconsider its action.”
The President suggested that a book be published during the coming summer, containing the best articles, with poems, read at the Club during the working season, that the choice of matter be made without favoritism on a literary basis, that the Club may mark the best papers in a printed list of all that may have been read “good, bad, or indifferent,” and that the final selection be given in charge to a special Committee.
Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham proposed to postpone publishing until later, except one or two papers.
Mrs [Louise Clarkson] Whitelock thought the Club could more certainly select the best papers if the list contained three divisions, marked
[54]
“Approved,” “Not Approved,” and “Not heard,” as the attendance is uncertain.
Mrs Graham proposed a magazine of our own. Miss [Charlotte Dellacklot] Thompson asked if any provision had been made to keep the spoken thought of the Club.
The President hoped that the Club may have a historian; and suggested that the birthday of the Club be kept on the last Tuesday in April.
Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese thought the Club rather young to publish. Mrs Franklin said “Not individually; that more depends on excellence of work than age of Club." Mrs [Mary Noyes] Colvin enquired about the expense of such a book. The President thought that would be partly covered by the members of the Club, many of whom would probably wish to have one or more copies. The motion passed to read the proposed clauses of the Constitution on the following Tuesday although a “Salon” day.
Mrs [John] Miller read Miss [Grace] Balch’s paper on “George Eliot”, speaking of her parentage and early life, contrasting her writings with those of [Elizabeth Barrett] Browning, and saying that she desired to advance woman educationally rather than politically.
Mrs Colvin enquired about the mode of electing members of the Board of Management.
The Secretary suggested the Crawford system of free nominations.
27
Mrs Franklin moved that we elect two officers “today,” seconded by Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge. Mrs Colvin moved that a Committee of one be appointed to investigate methods of election in use at Clubs and report to the W.L. Club on the first of April–seconded by Mrs Stockbridge. The Club then voted by ballot
[55]
for two members of the Executive Committee, resulting in the election of Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin and Mrs Colvin.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Mar. 31, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[56]
7th Salon–March 31st 1891.
7th Salon 861 Garden St. March 31st; Constitution amendments not voted upon–no quorum; Mrs Wolcott sketch of a [Society for the] A[dvancement of] W[omen] conversation; Refreshments; Next week’s subject
The seventh Salon of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street on Tuesday afternoon, March 31st, at 3.30 o’clock. There were about 17 members present.
The proposed amendments of the Constitution were not voted upon as there was no quorum.
Mrs [Henrietta L. T.] Wolcott was the guest of the Club, and gave a sketch of the Society for the Advancement of Women of which she is Treasurer.28
After general conversation light refreshments were served.
The President announced the subject of the next meeting, and the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
27th General Meeting–April 7th 1891.
27th general meeting 861 Garden Street April 7th; Mrs Wolcott; Changes in Constitution
The twenty seventh general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, Tuesday afternoon, April 7th, at 3.30 o’clock with the President in the chair. About 49 persons were present, and among them Mrs [Henrietta L. T.] Wolcott of Massachusetts. The minutes of the last two meetings were read by the Secretary. The addition of Section 6 to Article II of the Constitution, the rejection of Section 1 of Article III, and the adoption of Sections V, VI, and VII of Article IV, (and doubtless Section 9) were suggested to the Club through the President. One or two were passed by a rising vote and no further changes were made in the resolutions offered.
Paper–Arbor Day[,] Miss S. Dorsey; Vote of thanks
Miss S[affie] W. Dorsey read a paper on Arbor Day, hoping that it may be kept as a festival, and suggested that we plant especially the sycamore, cedar, willow and rose tree.29 Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham moved a special vote of thanks to Miss Dorsey in the name of the country members.
Women’s Education, Mrs Colvin
Mrs [Mary Noyes] Colvin gave a paper on “A few remarks on the Education of Women." She gave no plea for higher education as that has been proved proper, but the question is where and how to get it. It may be acquired in Colleges, but “how” is harder to answer. Shall she learn something about everything, or everything about something?–the first attainable in American, the second in German colleges. Shall she develop that broader character, or become the more conscientious student? Mrs Colvin gave a personal illustrations of the latter course by describing her three years’ study in [the] University of Zurich. From the four divisions of law, medicine, theology and philosophy she chose
[57]
under the latter head, French(?), Italian, Provencal, &c., as a major, and Anglo-Saxon as a minor subject. Examination for a degree was very difficult, consisting of an original paper (she chose the examination of a 13th Century M.S.), one written at home for which 3 days were allowed, a written examination, and–most terrible of all–an oral examination. The last was of examinations in Latin, modern French, phonetic examinations in various languages. Mrs Colvin gained to her surprise a first degree, and her opinion is that European Colleges not only teach but create science, and that women may take a course in Johns Hopkins University or Bryn Mawr for general knowledge, then go abroad to study some special branch for three or four years.
“Modern Methods of Education," Duer; Conversation on Educational sub[jects]
Miss Edith Duer gave a talk on “Modern Methods of Education." The old idea was to teach facts–to instil the classics even with the rod–the new aim was “development” illustrated by reference to kindergarten teaching and to Mr Parker’s methods.30 Miss Duer had been asked by an educator why there was such a loss of interest in study in children between 8 or 10 and 16. Mrs Colvin thought (may be or many?)31 physical disadvantages, Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] questioned if the methods of teaching were so good, Mrs Wolcott thought too much distraction by other things, Miss Duer suggested dancing classes, Mrs Bullock want of fresh air, exercise, home training.
Invitation to Kindergarten; Con[versation] on School Board &c.; Next program
Mrs [Margaret] Lake gave invitation to Club to visit free Kindergarten. Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge understood that men are willing to let women be upon School Board if women will come forward.
[59]
Mrs Franklin thought that women should visit private schools, and serve upon public school boards.
President announced subject of next meeting, and Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Apr. 14, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[60]
28th General Meeting–April 14th 1891.
28th Meeting 861 Garden Street April 14th
The twenty eighth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, April 14th at 3.30 o’clock.
In the absence of the President, the second Vice-President was in the Chair. There were about 35 members present.
“Utopia”–Early
The Presiding Officer read Mrs [Maud Graham] Early’s paper on “Utopia." Its supposed inhabitants believe in the immortality of the soul; there is compulsory education, perfect equality, and no capital punishment, the women may be priests as well as the men; and gold is despised.
“Talk on Education”, Stockbridge; Conversation on Education; Board of Lady Visitors suggested; Female Supervisors of Teachers; Parker system for Teachers; On Kindergarten
Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge gave a Talk on Education, calling attention especially to the public schools which not only have no room for the forty five percent of children that should attend, but are crammed with the remaining fifty five percent and not properly ventilated. Kentucky and Missouri have the best teachers.
In reply to Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin], who enquired if Mrs Stockbridge could suggest a remedy, the latter thought there might be a Board of Lady Visitors for the public schools,
[61]
and better training of the teachers.
Miss [Henrietta] Szold said there had been female supervisors of teachers in Philadelphia.
Miss [Edith] Duer thought the Parker system would train teachers to train pupils.
Mrs Stockbridge said Mrs Silvia Eastman had seen no fine scholars come through the Kindergarten; that the child should learn by effort.
Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin thought there might be loss of independence by Kindergartens, and Miss [Lizette Woodworth] Reese–loss of imagination.
Miss Duer thought the success of the Kindergarten depends on the teacher as it means development–also that it teaches loss of self-consciousness.
Two English “Literary Clubs”, Haman.
Mrs [Louise C.] Haman read a paper on “Two English Literary Clubs”–the “Apollo Club” of Elizabeth’s time founded by Ben Jonson [blank space left in text] and the “Literary Club” of two hundred years later of which Dr Samuel Johnson was the central figure.
Meeting adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[62]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Apr. 17, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[63]
29th General Meeting–April 21st 1891.
29th general meeting 861 Garden St. April 21st
The twenty-ninth general meeting of the Woman’s LIterary Club was held at 861 Garden Street on Tuesday afternoon, April 21st, at 3.30 o’clock.
The second Vice-President was in the chair, and there were about 36 persons present.
Memorial Day, Shakspeare
The day was kept by the Club as a memorial for William Shakspeare. The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary.
Shakspeare sketch, Goddard; Selection from “Two Gentlemen of Verona” was acted; Poem–Lord–“Reverie Straford on Avon”; Recitations,–Wilmer; Papers–“Hamlet,” “&c., “King Lear,” &c., Whitelock & Latimer”
Mrs. Goddard gave a short sketch of Shakspeare, speaking of his birth, parentage, works, and of some of his women characters.
A selection from the 2nd Scene of the 1st Act from “Two Gentlemen of Verona” was acted by Mrs [Mary Noyes] Colvin and Miss Gibbs.
Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord read a poem entitled “A Reverie at Stratford on Avon."
Mrs [G. J.] Wilmer gave as recitations a part of the Courtship of Catharine from “Henry V,” and a portion of the trial scene in “The Merchant of Venice."
Mrs [Louise Clarkson] Whitelock and Mrs [Elizabeth Wormeley] Latimer read papers on “Hamlet, according to the New School of Dramatic Art,” and “King Lear and his Daughters."
Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] moved that the meeting be adjourned, seconded by Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
Adopted.
[64-66]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of Apr. 22, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
30th General Meeting–April 28th 1891.
30th meeting (so called!) 861 Garden St. April 28th
The thirtieth general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, April 28th, at 3.30 o’clock, with the second Vice-President in the Chair.
There were about 32 persons present.
The minutes of the last meeting were read by the Secretary.
“Lady Suffolk”[,] Atkinson; “Usefulness of Fellowships”[,] Franklin
Mrs [Robert] Atkinson gave an article on “Lady Suffolk”, who was once Catherine of Ellerslie, born 1518.
Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin] read a paper on “The Usefulness of Fellowships,” and said in the essay and in reply to questions, that a plan had been made by the woman’s association of Collegiate alumnae to collect a fund for an European fellowship, to be bestowed upon some young woman who must be a college graduate, but not necessarily a specialist. This fund is to be at least $500 a year, and subscriptions are desired. The fellowship is only given for one year to any person, unless in cases of extreme brilliancy when it might be given for three years. These graduates are to be found by means of circulars sent to all graduating colleges.
Conversation; Discussion on showing special honor to college resident graduates, etc
During the general conversation, in speaking of women college graduates, Mrs [Caroline Canfield] Bullock thought there are some in Baltimore leading lonely lives, and Mrs [Annie Leakin] Sioussat suggested that it would be well to keep a list of such persons that members of the Club who might, as individuals, wish to call upon them, could do so.
Mrs [Louise C.] Haman thought this too public a method. Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham suggested that some one hunt them out. Mrs Bullock–that we wait.
[68]
Mrs Graham moved that a Committee of three be named with Mrs Franklin–Chairman–to find out these persons that we may show them honor.
Mrs Franklin declined Chairmanship, and Mrs Graham named Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge.
Mrs Franklin moved that the Chair appoint Chairman of this Committee, and finally moved that the Club consider the subject for 7 minutes, seconded by Mrs [Margaret] Lake. Motion adopted.
When the Club was called to order by the Presiding Officer, Mrs Franklin moved that “it is true sentiment of the Club that as individuals we show more hospitality to intellectual strangers, but take no action as a Club."
This motion was finally passed, and the Club adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
Adopted.
[69]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of May 5, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[70]
8th Social Meeting–May 5th 1891.
8th Social Meeting 861 Garden St. May 5th; Proposed change in making of By-Laws and on article of Treasurer’s duties; Names of proposed members read; Lines–Stockbridge; President’s address read by Mrs Griffin; Resolutions of thanks to President and sympathy; Musical program
The eighth social meeting–W.L.C.–was held at 861 Garden Street, on Tuesday afternoon, May 5th, at 3.30 o’clock with the 2nd Vice President in the chair, and about 40 persons present.
Secretary read minutes of last general meeting. Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge read a proposed change in the article on the making of By-Laws and an addition to the article on Treasurer’s duties ([Article] 2 of Section 6.) to the Club for their (its) consideration.
Mrs [Mary Noyes] Colvin called attention of the Club to the necessity to be present the following Tuesday to vote on the plan of election that should be suggested.
Names of proposed new members read by Secretary. Mrs Stockbridge gave some lines on a Visit of [E.C.] Stedman to Chicago.
The President’s address was read by Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin to the Club. It spoke of the broad views of the Club and dwelt especially upon the value of Committees, calling attention also to the scrap books–and also the book to be kept for “Club History."32
Resolutions of thanks to an sympathy with the President suggested by Mrs Griffin and passed by Club, and Secretary was requested to inform President of the same.
A duett was then given by Mrs [Annie Leakin] Sioussat and Mrs (Miss?) Leakin with piano accompaniment. “He shall feed his flock like a shepherd”–Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord–Miss (or Mrs) Evans–accompaniment.
“A Lullaby” by Mrs [Alice] Yardley–contralto, Miss Evans–violin, Mrs(?) [Henry C.] Evans accompaniment. “Largo” by Handel(?)–Miss Evans violin, Mrs Evans accompaniment. “Berceuse” Mrs [Louise C.] Haman–contralto; “Loin du Bal” Gillet & “Rural Wedding March–Misses Evans, violins, Miss Evans violoncello, Mrs Evans–accompaniment–
[71]
”Dearest Heart, Farewell” Strelezki–Mrs Yardley–contralto. Moonlight–Robert–Mrs Lord.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary.
Adopted.
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of May. 12, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
31st General Meeting–May 12th 1891.
31st general meeting 861 Garden St. May 12th; Alterations made in Constitution on By-Laws and Treasurer’s Report; Names new members read–2nd time; Plan of election day; Committee on Authors and Artists of Maryland; Paper–Mrs A. Smith “Maryland’s Natural Resources for Culture and Art."; Paper–Milnor “Earliest Maryland Writings."’ Paper–Atkinson “Charles Wilson Peel” [impenetrable]; Article–Tait on Maryland artists.; Easter–poem “A Summer Blow."
The thirty first general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street, Tuesday afternoon May 12th, with the second Vice President in the chair. There were about 32 persons present. Minutes of last meeting were read by Secretary.
Alterations in Sections of Constitution on By-Laws, and Treasurer’s Report read by Mrs [Henry] Stockbridge and passed by Club.
Names of new members read by Secretary for the second time, and the plan of election day was read by second Vice President.
The literary work of the day was in charge of Mrs Alan Smith, Chairman of the Committee of “Authors and Artists of Maryland."
A paper was read by Mrs Smith on “Maryland’s Natural Resources for Culture and Art,” speaking of the antiquity of the state, its numerous resources, among which are its useful marbles.
Miss [Mary Worthington] Milnor read an article called “Earliest Maryland Writings”–the first publication in 1596–the most ancient Maryland document in 1633–the Calvert papers–the writings of Frederick Calvert–Reverend William McSherry–Father White–George Alsopp–&c.
Mrs Robert Atkinson’s paper was on “Charles Wilson Peel” [Charles Willson Peale] who was taught by Heselius, and painted beautiful miniatures. Mrs [Anna Dolores Tiernan] Tait’s article called attention to many Maryland artists–to Anna(?) Peel [Anna Claypoole Peale], Charles Boyle, Alfred J. Miller[,] a pupil of [Thomas] Sully, R.C. Woodville, and the great sculptor William Rinehart.33
Mrs [Marguerite E.] Easter read a poem called “A Summer Blow."34 Mrs Smith called attention to various portraits, etc., that had been brought to the Club
[73]
to illustrate the subject of the day.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary.
Annual Business Meeting–May 19th 1891.
Annual meeting 861 Garden St. May 19th; Treasurer’s report read; Club named a Chairman; Tellers appointed by Chair of day; Nominations by Club; Mrs Turnbull elected Pres[ident]; Mrs Griffin 1st Vice P[resident]; All votes read; Miss Haughton 2nd Vice P[resident]; Miss Ridgely–Sec[retary]; Treasurer elected; Ex[ecutive] Com[mittee] chosen
The annual business meeting (opened at) 861 Garden Street, May 19th–3 o’clock. With the President in chair.
The Secretary gave minutes of last meeting, and the Treasurer read a report of the finances of the Club.
The President asked the Club to name a Chairman, and Mrs [Rebecca] Griffin was elected.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
Mrs Griffin, on taking the chair appointed Miss [Olga M.] Schröeder & Miss [Mary Wilcox] Brown, tellers, and the business of balloting for officers was begun–
Nominations for office were made by the Club.
Mrs [Francese Litchfield] Turnbull was nominated for President–no other name was proposed–the ballot was taken and Mrs Turnbull was elected by unanimous vote.
The next ballot was for 1st Vice President. Five nominations were made. The Chairman read the number of votes which each lady received. Mrs Griffin had the majority vote.
The third ballot was for 2nd Vice President. The names were read, and Miss [Louisa Courtland Osburne] Haughton received the majority vote.
The next nomination was for Secretary & Miss Ridgely was elected.
[74]
Nominations were then made for treasurer–on the 2nd ballot, Miss Charlotte [Dellacklot] Thompson was declared elected.
In order to save time, it was proposed by Mrs Turnbull that the choice for the six officers of the executive committee be made at one time–Some twenty names were proposed and the 1st ballot gave a majority of votes to Mrs [Mary Noyes] Colvin, Mrs [Alice Emma Sauerwein] Lord, Mrs [Annie Leakin] Sioussat and Miss [Lydia] Crane.
Voting was continued until a majority vote could be obtained for the two other members of the Committee.
After three ballots, this resulted in the election of Miss [Henrietta] Szold, and Miss Brown. The meeting closed.
[75-76]
[Minutes from Board of Managers meeting of May 21, 1891 moved to Board of Managers 1890-1892 document.]
[77]
9th Social Meeting–May 26th 1891.
9th Social meeting 861 Garden St. May 26th; Papers read; Dammann on “Geo. H. Miles”; Ridgely on “Peace”; Photo honorary member
The ninth Social meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held at 861 Garden Street on Tuesday afternoon, May 26th, at 3.30 o’clock with the President in the chair.
There were about 25 persons present.
On account of the approaching end of the season, papers were read as at the usual meetings.
Minutes of the annual meeting were read by the Secretary. The first paper was by Mrs [Aileen B. C.] Dammann on George H. Miles a critic and poet of Baltimore, speaking of his life and works, and describing his essay on Hamlet as a convincing treatise. The poet’s wife has still some of his unpublished manuscripts.
The second paper was by Miss [Eliza] Ridgely on “Peace–a Question of Many Days”, contrasting various methods of securing individual and international Peace.
The President called attention of the Club to the Committees for the coming year, and asked the members to be present the following week when the plan would probably be more fully settled.
Also announced that a photograph had been received from an honorary member–Miss [Rebecca] McCoukey.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary.
32nd General Meeting–June 2nd 1891.
32nd general meeting Lehmann’s Hall. June 2nd 1891.
The thirty second general meeting of the Woman’s Literary Club was held on the platform of Lehmann’s Hall, June 2nd 1891, 3.30 o’clock, with the President in the chair.
There were about 36 persons present.
New committee lists given out; Club scrap books; President’s farewell address
The second Vice President distributed the new lists containing the names of Committees and Chairmen for the coming season.
Mrs [Louise Clarkson] Whitelock commented on the absence of a Committee on “Art." The President thought this subject could be brought in under some other Committee.
Attention was called to the various Club scrap books, and the announcement made of Dr Alice T. Hall’s approaching marriage.
The President in her farewell address for the summer hoped that the Club might be provided with better rooms the coming winter.
Sioussat on “Colonial Women”
Mrs [Annie Leakin] Sioussat read a paper on Colonial women, mentioning among others, Margaret and Mary Brent distinguished in St Mary’s–formerly St Thomas’–County. A vote of thanks to the President was proposed, and passed by the Club.
As the President was obliged to leave, the first Vice President took the chair for the remainder of the meeting.
Graham–”Mary of Magdala,” read by Carter
Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham’s poem “Mary of Magdala, otherwise known as Mary Magdalene” was read by Miss [Sally K.] Carter, for which the Club desired that Miss Carter would express its appreciation to Mrs Graham who was absent.
Richardson’s note; Congratulations to Dr Hall on her wedding
A note from Mrs [Hester Crawford Dorsey] Richardson was read by the Secretary. It was proposed that the congratulations of the Club be sent to Dr. Alice T. Hall on her wedding day.
Miss [Edith] Duer suggested that the message be forwarded by telegram, which was decided upon.
Adjourned.
Eliza Ridgely
Secretary
[80]
Resolutions of Regret on the Death of Mrs Mary Spear Tiernan
January 13th 1891.
In the bright hours of the New Year that has come to us so full of hope and promise, we are called to stand still and hushed, in the presence of that great power which holds in its hand and guides into the “silent land” so much that is precious, so much that once made the beauty and gladness of life. To-day, only a short time before the hour appointed for the assembling of the Club came the unexpected and sad tidings of the going away from our midst of Mrs Mary Spear Tiernan, one of the founders of the Woman’s Literary Club–one of its brightest members–one most suggestive and original in modes of thought, most alert to all that might advance the interests of our Association.
At one o’clock this morning, after an illness of brief duration, she passed into the thitherland, that, in the glory of an eternal morn, lies beyond human vision.
Our loss is indeed grievous and carries sorrow to every member of the Club who knew her only as a spirited writer, a ready speaker, quick and interesting in argument, courteous and friendly to her co-workers.
But to those, who in the close association of years,
[81]
held knowledge of her aspirations, her earnest endeavors for excellence, her fund of humor and genial nature, the loss of Mrs Tiernan is indeed a bereavement–a regret keen and enduring.
She has gone in the fullness of her powers, but as we feel sure, not before her work was finished–She has gone–and in the long days when she shall walk no more among us, all kindly and gentle memories will cluster about her name, which today and tomorrow, as time moves on, will be to us as a sweet song that is sung, as a chord lost from life’s harmonies, as a ray of light gathered back to its source–for “Death is not death–what seems so, is transition."
(This quotation from Longfellow was suggested by Mrs [Elizabeth Turner] Graham as resolution, and so adopted.)
[82]
Resolutions of Regret on the Death of Mrs Ann Mary Coleman (Mrs [Ann Mary] Chapman Coleman)
1891.
A Committee of the Woman’s Club of Baltimore consisting of Mrs [Robert] Atkinson, Mrs [Caroline Canfield] Bullock, Miss [Jane] Zacharias and Mrs Franklin [Christine Ladd-Franklin], having been appointed to take action upon the death of Mrs Ann Mary Coleman, drew up the following resolutions:–
Whereas: A notice of the death of Mrs Ann Mary Coleman, a member of the Woman’s Literary Club of Baltimore, forwarded to us from Louisville, Kentucky, occasions us deep sorrow and regret;
And whereas: Mrs Coleman was well and most appreciatively known and valued in Baltimore, and those of us whose privilege it was to be among her friends had frequent opportunity to witness the noble traits of her character as well as to admire her remarkable and vigorous intellect;
Resolved: that we sincerely regret her death, and that we would convey to her bereaved family our sympathy for their inestimable loss and our hope for their consolation through the evidence of the strong faith which characterized her life.
Resolved: that a copy of these resolutions be forwarded to the family of our lamented friend, Mrs Ann Mary Coleman.
[END OF SEASON]
1 Marginal subheadings are included in-text throughout the 1890-1891 and 1891-1892 seasons. ↩︎
2 Hester Dorsey Crawford married Albert Richardson in 1891 and was subsequently referred to as Mrs. Richardson throughout the Club meeting minutes. ↩︎
3 “Jennie June” was the pseudonym of Jane Cunningham Croly (1829-1901), one of the first female syndicated news columnists in the US and founder of the first woman’s club, Sorosis, in New York City in 1869 and the General Federation of Woman’s Clubs in 1890. Miriam Florence Squier (1836-1914) was the editor of Frank Leslie’s Lady’s Magazine and married the magazine’s publisher, Frank Leslie, after which she became widely known as “Mrs. Frank Leslie.” After her husband died in 1880, Leslie legally changed her name to Mrs. Frank Leslie and took over her husband’s numerous publications, turning them into immensely profitable concerns. A lavish entertainer and flamboyant celebrity figure, Leslie espoused suffrage and willed her fortune to suffrage activist Carrie Chapman Catt.↩︎
4 A copy of the Club’s original constitution has not been located. The constitution ratified in 1893-1894 was published in 1900 as a pamphlet that is included in the WLCB collection at the Maryland Center for History and Culture and transcribed on the WLCB website.↩︎
5 Turnbull published a novel titled The Catholic Man, a novelistic treatment of Sidney Lanier, in 1890. The presentation referred to here may very well have been a précis of the novel.↩︎
6 Board of Managers meeting minutes follow the minutes from the Salon held on May 20, 1890. Minutes from regular Club meetings and the Board of Managers were included together in the same volumes during the first two years of the Club’s existence (the first volume of the minutes books). They have been separated on this website for ease of navigation and clarity.↩︎
7 The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union.↩︎
8 The volume referred to is A Handful of Lavender, published by Houghton, Mifflin in 1891.↩︎
9 Possibly a reference to Jessie Fothergill (1851-1891), British novelist and author of The First Violin (1877).↩︎
10 Christine Ladd-Franklin was the treasurer of the Club at this time. Her essay “Education of Women in the Southern States” was published in 1891 in the volume Woman’s Work in America, edited by Annie Nathan Meyer.↩︎
11 The magazine The Critic requested readers to submit their list of “twenty immortelles” (immortals” in September 1890. The following October, they printed the list of submitted entries, which included. See the list at Legacy 5.1 (Spring 1988), 67-69.↩︎
<sup id="fn12”>12 The British magazine The Nineteenth Century, founded in 1877, was an important forum for English intellects and writers. In 1901, it changed its name to The Nineteenth-Century and After and featured a cover logo with an old man on one side, and a young woman on the other—associating the magazine with the values of modern womanhood. The Forum, in many ways, functioned as an American equivalent to The Nineteenth Century. Each issue featured a range of perspectives on a particular issue, functioning like Plato’s Symposium in print. Ladd-Franklin’s “Intuition and Reason” was published in The Monist in January 1893; it does not appear to have been published in The Nineteenth Century but given Ladd-Franklin’s remarks, may have been submitted there for consideration. ↩︎
13 Latimer’s poem “The Vision of St. Anthony” was published in Harper’s Monthly in January, 1891, as noted in the minutes of the minutes of the Salon held on Dec. 30, 1890. ↩︎
14 Rose Brake was the name of Danske Dandridge’s home in West Virginia, as well as the title of a collection of poems she published in 1890 (NY: G. P. Putnam’s Sons). Dandridge, originally from Denmark, was an honorary member of the WLCB. ↩︎
15The book, titled Woman’s Work in America, was published in 1891. The publication of Ladd-Franklin’s essay is officially announced in the minutes for the Mar. 17, 1891 meeting, but is summarized here. ↩︎
16 While the numbers of women’s colleges and universities cited here are impressive, Eliza Ridgely fails to note Ladd-Franklin’s judgment of these institutions of higher learning. In “The Education of Women in the Southern States,” Ladd-Franklin includes these statistics with the comment, “Not a single one of the so-called female colleges presents a real college course, and many of the co-educational colleges are colleges only in name” (94).↩︎
17 The Woman’s College of Baltimore (now Goucher College) was founded in 1885 and was the location of the WLCB’s first meeting. Bishop John Fletcher Hurst founded American University in Washington, DC as a co-educational institution in 1893, and five women were included in the first entering class of 28 students. In Mississippi, the Industrial Institute and College for the Education of White Girls (now the Mississippi University for Women) was the first public women’s college in the US when established in 1884. ↩︎
18 The reputation of Southern poet Sidney Lanier (1842-1881), was assiduously cultivated by Francese Litchfield Turnbull throughout her many years at the helm of the WLCB. Lanier fought for the Confederacy during the Civil War, and later relocated to Baltimore with his wife Mary. A musician as well as a poet, he was an early member of the Peabody Conservatory orchestra, where he played the flute, and also became a faculty member in the literature department at the Johns Hopkins University. Dying at the relatively young age of 39, he was buried in the Turnbull family plot in Baltimore. Lanier’s poem “Sunrise” (1881) was perhaps his best-known, and contained the line “I am lit with the sun,” referenced by Marguerite E. Easter in her own tribute to Lanier read at the meeting and published in Clytie and Other Poems (1891).
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19 For more on Easter’s poem, see n. 18 above. ↩︎
20 Reese’s “The Lost Shepherd” was published with the subtitle “In Memory of Sidney Lanier” in The Southern Bivouac in Jan. 1887 (Vol. 2, No. 8), and Reese also dedicated her 1890 volume A Handful of Lavender to Lanier (the poem however, did not appear in the book). Lanier’s “The Marshes of Glynn” was part of an unpublished series of poems treating the landscape of Glynn County, Georgia; Turnbull’s reading was likely another poem from this series. ↩︎
21 It is not known if either Graham’s or Whitelock’s poems were ever published. Danske Dandridge’s “To Sidney Lanier” was published in her book Joy and Other Poems in 1888. The verses by Turnbull do not appear to have been published, but her admiration of Lanier manifested in a variety of ways. She read a tribute, “In Memoriam,” at a celebration of Lanier’s birthday at Johns Hopkins University in 1888 (The Forty-Sixth Birthday of Sidney Lanier, ed. Daniel Coit Gilman (Baltimore: Publication Agency of Johns Hopkins University, 1888) 18-21).↩︎
22 Albaugh’s Lyceum Theatre opened in 1884 on North Charles Street in Mt. Vernon between Biddle and Preston Streets and was frequented by members of Baltimore society. In addition to being a theatrical venue, the Parlors appear to have been used for a variety of social events, including dances and receptions like the one described in the meeting. This public reception was held to honor the marriage of Hester Dorsey Richardson, who had just married Albert Richardson (see minutes from Jan. 20, 1891). ↩︎
23 Daniel and Mordecai are figures from the Hebrew Bible; Daniel is known for his steadfast righteousness, while Mordecai (in whose honor the Jewish holiday of Purim is celebrated) was the adoptive father of Esther, a figure of importance to Szold (Haddassah, the name of the Jewish Zionist women’s organization Szold founded later in her life, is another name for Esther).↩︎
24 Possibly a reference to Edward J. Ahrens, erstwhile associate of Mary Baker Eddy, founder of Christian Science. The “mind cure” was a term applied to a variety of practices that applied psychological remedies for physical ailments, some of which were associated with Christian Science. ↩︎
25 Annie Nathan Meyer edited the volume Woman’s Work in America (1891), which published Ladd-Franklin’s essay. ↩︎
26 The People’s Palace, built in London’s East End in 1887, was inspired by Walter Besant’s novel All Sorts and Conditions of Men: An Impossible Story (1882), in which a building of this name is built by the social reform-minded characters to benefit the working-class inhabitants of the East End. ↩︎
27The direct nomination of primary candidates by popular vote (as opposed to convention) was proposed in Crawford County, PA, in 1842, and was adopted in some form by all 50 states in the U.S. (See Paul H. Giddens, “The Origin of the Direct Primary,” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 60.2 (April 1977): 145-158.↩︎
28 Wolcott was in fact the treasurer of the Association (not the Society) for the Advancement of Women, founded in 1868.↩︎
29 Arbor Day was first celebrated in Nebraska in 1872, and was celebrated in schools across the country in 1882. Today it is celebrated in all 50 states, by and large in conjunction with the international Earth Day celebration, which was first established in the US in 1970.↩︎
30 Francis Wayland Parker (1837-1902) was a leader in the progressive school movement in the United States and advocated for the education of the whole child, including the intellectual, physical, and moral aspects of being.↩︎
31 Secretary Ridgely appears to be transcribing from notes and is unable to make out what either she or another Club member has written.↩︎
32 No such volume is extant in the WLCB papers held at the Maryland Center for History and Culture.↩︎
33 Charles Willson Peale (1741-1827) is perhaps best known for his portraits of George Washington (1779) and other figures of the Revolutionary War. He also founded one of the first—if not the first— natural history museums in the US, the Philadelphia Museum (familiarly known as Peale’s American Museum) in 1801. Peale’s first instructor was the portraitist John Hesselius (1728-1778), who worked predominantly in Maryland and Virginia. Peale’s niece, Anna Claypoole Peale (1791-1878), was also a respected painter, along with her sister Sarah Miriam Peale (1800-1885). Alfred Jacob Miller (1810-1874) was born in Baltimore and identified with the Hudson River School painters; he was best known for his depictions of frontiersmen and indigenous people. Atkinson’s paper most likely treated the work of Richard Caton Woodville (1825-1855), a short-lived genre painter from Baltimore whose London-born son, Richard Caton Woodville, Jr. (1856-1927), achieved much greater success as an illustrator/painter of military scenes for the British magazine press. The neoclassical sculptures of William Henry Rinehart (1825-1874) are featured at the US Post Office and the US Capitol, as well as many major museum collections. The Rinehart School of Sculpture at the Maryland Institute College of Art is named after Rinehart, a distinguished alumnus. ↩︎
34 “A Summer Blow” was published in Clytie and Other Poems (Boston: A.J. Philpott, 1891).↩︎
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