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GERMAN TRAVEL BOOKS ON THE SOUTH,
1900-1950
By LAWRENCE S. THOMPSON
This compilation of 140 books by German-speaking writers who travelled
in the South in the first part of the twentieth century is part of a larger,
comprehensive bibliography of all travel books on the South in this period,
except those in English. The South has been arbitrarily defined to include
Maryland, the District of Columbia, Virginia, North and South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Ten-
nessee, Oklahoma, Kentucky, and Missouri. The compiler has previously
published bibliographies, with a critical commentary, of all travel books
issued between 1900 and 1950 in foreign languages for all of these jurisdic-
tions except Missouri and the District of Columbia. A list of these articles
appears at the end of this introduction. The arbitrary inclusion of such
essentially midwestern communities as Kansas City and Louisville or of
an eastern metropolis such as Baltimore was necessary, not only to bring
out the Southern elements in these cities but also to avoid the embarrass-
ment of attempting to define what is or is not Southern. Cincinnati, Evans-
ville, Cairo, and the whole state of West Virginia were excluded for the
latter reason, although it might be possible to find much that is defined as
"Southern" in all these places.
German-speaking travellers in the South during our period have been
both the most numerous and the most articulate. Their comments range
from a few sentences on Mount Vernon to a full-blown monograph on the
state of Florida. All together, these books represent a significant body of
critical literature on all aspects of the South, and at the same time they
reveal the trend of thought among German-speaking peoples on a major
geographical region of the United States.
In general, Germans (a term henceforth used to include all German-
speaking writers) have been eager to discover the true facts of Southern
life. Just as in any body of travel literature, we find a wide range of quality,
but with the exception of a single group of books the Germans have
generally tried to be objective. Prior to 1932 we have only one book
(no. 66, 1926) that is definitely anti-American. With the advent of the
Nazis, we have a steady stream of vituperation and misrepresentation
(always with notable exceptions) until 1943. After a hiatus of five years,
in which the compiler found no German travel books dealing with the
South, the older tradition was resumed.
The anti-American literature inspired by the Nazis deserves much
closer study than this fragmentary evidence can offer, but it is still a
fantastic chapter in the history of German thought. (The chronological
arrangement of the bibliography was adopted to bring out this and other
trends). In World War I not a single anti-American travel book on the
South appeared. Between 1932 and 1943 the story is completely different,
and some of the results are amazing, contradictory, and ludicrous. The
glass-house-dwelling Nazi had no compunctions about condemning the
Southerner for oppression of the Negro. He embraced the Confederacy in
[87]
the vain delusion that the Lost Cause was something more than what was
defended at the bar of the Piedmont Driving Club on Saturday night. He
even contemplated miscegenation with a comely mulatto hairdresser who
helped a couple of escaped P. O. W.'s (no. 140)!
The Negro problem commanded the attention of nearly all thoughtful
European travellers. The customary reaction, particularly, since the
twenties, has been one of disgust at man's inhumanity to man. Some few
travellers sought to explore and interpret Negro folkways, but the Southern
Negro was more likely to be an enigma to the European. The thorough
indoctrination of most Germans and Europeans in general by the usually
accurate reports of their travel writers on the race situation has been a
major stumbling block in our efforts to convince the rest of the world that
American democracy is the crowning glory of human institutions.
The constant attention to racial and national elements has been a
distinct contribution of German travellers. The material on the German
settlements in Texas is particularly useful; that on the Germans of St.
Louis and Kansas City, somewhat less useful, since there are so many other
sources.
New Orleans is the favorite city of all European travellers in the South,
but among the Germans it is hard-pressed by St. Louis. Florida, the
Kentucky Bluegrass, and Mount Vernon are other places that attracted
travellers for their history, charm, or color. Texas, especially San Antonio,
was also a drawing card. There was some attention to nascent industry
in the Piedmont area and along the Ohio River. The Southern Appalachians
were all but ignored.
A curious phenomenon was the attraction of the St. Louis World's Fair,
the Louisiana Purchase Exposition, for so many German travellers. By
contrast, there is hardly any mention of the Chicago or New York World's
Fairs, and neither seems to have been drawing cards for German travellers.
However, it must be remembered that this was in the era of depression
and National Socialism.
The travel writers came from all walks of life. There were scholars such
as Abel, Pfister, and Francé; belletristic authors such as Ponten, Salten,
Polenz, and Frenssen; and hoboes such as Schönauer, Carlé, Heye, Neuner,
Spohn, Pferdekamp, and Berghoff. Often the writings of the last group
were more interesting than those of the first. There were also labor leaders,
diplomats, cement manufacturers, traffic engineers, Catholic priests, agrono-
mists, social workers, sailors, economists, newspapermen, historians, sugar
technologists, and astronomers. The variety of the travellers was sufficient
to give a broad viewpoint to the travel accounts when taken as a whole.
There are several picture books, and many of the titles are well illus-
trated. One picture book in particular, the album of photographs by Hoppé
(no. 75), is a classic. However, many of the books from the twenties on
are well illustrated with competent photography.
All of the 140 titles but three (nos. 103, 108, and 119) described travel
that is more or less contemporaneous with the date of publication.
The picture of the twentieth century South that may be derived from
these books is far from a complete one, and it is distorted at times. On
the other hand, it provides a perspective that we do not always have;
and it tells a significant story about the mutual attitudes of two of the
world's greatest nations towards one another.
[88]
OTHER BIBLIOGRAPHICAL STUDIES BY THE COMPILER
DEALING WITH FOREIGN TRAVELLERS IN THE SOUTH, 1900-1950
"Foreign Travellers in the South, 1900-1950," Register of the Kentucky
Historical Society, LI (1953), 217-227.
"Foreign Travellers in Maryland, 1900-1950," Maryland Historical Maga-
zine, XLVIII (1953), 337-343.
"Books in Foreign Languages about Travel in Virginia, 1900-1950," Virginia
Magazine of History and Biography, LXI (1953), 167-178.
"Foreigners in North Carolina, 1900-1950," North Carolina Historical Re-
view, XXXI (1954), 34-40.
"Books in Foreign Languages about South Carolina, 1900-1950," South
Carolina Historical Magazine, LIV (1953), 70-74.
"Foreign Travellers in Georgia, 1900-1950," Georgia Historical Quarterly,
XXXVI (1952), 342-349.
"Foreign Travellers in Florida, 1900-1950," Florida Historical Quarterly,
XXXI (1952), 92-108.
"Foreigners in Alabama, 1900-1950," Alabama Review, V (1952), 282-289.
"A Bibliography of Foreign Language Books about Mississippi, 1900-
1950," Journal of Mississippi History, IV (1952), 202-207.
"Books in Foreign Languages about Louisiana, 1900-1950," Louisiana His-
torical Quarterly, XXXIV (1951), 34-57.
"Travel Books on Texas Published in Foreign Countries, 1900-1950,"
Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LVII (1953), 202-221.
"Foreign Travellers in Oklahoma, 1900-1950," Chronicles of Oklahoma,
XXX (1952/53), 463-467.
"Foreign Travellers in the South, 1900-1950," Register of the Kentucky
Historical Society, LI (1953), 217-227.
"Foreign Travellers in Maryland, 1900-1950," Maryland Historical Maga-
zine, XLVIII (1953), 337-343.
"Books in Foreign Languages about Travel in Virginia, 1900-1950," Virginia
Magazine of History and Biography, LXI (1953), 167-178.
"Foreigners in North Carolina, 1900-1950," North Carolina Historical Re-
view, XXXI (1954), 34-40.
"Books in Foreign Languages about South Carolina, 1900-1950," South
Carolina Historical Magazine, LIV (1953), 70-74.
"Foreign Travellers in Georgia, 1900-1950," Georgia Historical Quarterly,
XXXVI (1952), 342-349.
"Foreign Travellers in Florida, 1900-1950," Florida Historical Quarterly,
XXXI (1952), 92-108.
"Foreigners in Alabama, 1900-1950," Alabama Review, V (1952), 282-289.
"A Bibliography of Foreign Language Books about Mississippi, 1900-1950,"
Journal of Mississippi History, XIV (1952), 202-207.
"Books in Foreign Languages about Louisiana, 1900-1950," Louisiana
Historical Quarterly, XXXIV (1951), 34-57.
"Travel Books on Texas Published in Foreign Countries, 1900-1950,"
Southwestern Historical Quarterly, LVII (1953), 202-221.
"Foreign Travellers in Oklahoma, 1900-1950," Chronicles of Oklahoma,
XXX (1952-53), 463-467.
"Foreign Travel Books on Arkansas, 1900-1950," Arkansas Historical
Quarterly, XI (1952), 176-183.
"Foreign Books about Tennessee, 1900-1950," Tennessee Historical Quart-
erly, XI (1952), 274-281.
[89]
"The World Looks at Kentucky: Accounts of Foreign Travellers in the
Commonwealth, 1900-1950," Register of the Kentucky Historical So-
ciety, L (1952), 256-260.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Goldschmidt, Friedrich. Zum dritten und vierten Male in den Ver-
einigten Staten von Nord-Amerika. Zwei Vorträge. Berlin, Julius
Springer, 1901. 53 p. There is a description of St. Louis and the
Missouri countryside in the second lecture, three pages in a longer
account of a transcontinental tour.
2. Baumann, Felix, Im dunkelsten Amerika: Sittenschilderungen aus den
Vereinigten Staaten. Dresden, Ernst Beutelspacher, 1902. 104 p. This
is a detailed account of the maisons de joie of New Orleans, partially
based on the Blue Book, partially on personal investigation.
3. Boecklin, August. Wanderleben in den Vereinigten Staaten, nach den
Erinnerungen eines ehemaligen Offiziers. Leipzig, Johannes Cotta
Nachfolger, 1902. 355 p. Boecklin was interested in Southern per-
sonality and traditions and finds much color in New Orleans and on
his trip up the river via Helena and Memphis to Louisville.
4. Laverrenz, Victor. Prinz Heinrichs Amerika-Fahrt; Darstellung der
Reise des Hohenzollern-Admirals, Schilderung von Land und Leuten
und interessante Episoden aus der Geschichte der Vereinigten Staaten;
ein Gedenkbuch für jung und alt. Berlin, Herm. J. Meidinger, 1902.
257 p. On p. 145-159 there is a description of Kentucky, Louisville,
and Chattanooga in rather factual terms, and on p. 160-173 there is
an account of the Mississippi River and St. Louis.
5. Wartensleben, J. C., Graf von. Reisebriefe von einer Fahrt nach
Westindien, Mexiko und durch die Vereinigten Staaten von Nord-
amerika. Berlin, Gedruckt von E. S. Mittler, ca. 1902, 110 p. This
tedious book is based on dated letters. On p. 89-97 ("Aus St. Louis,
Juni 1902") there is a general description of St. Louis with notes on
factories, a newspaper office, and a brewery together with information
on the social problems of the workers, and on p. 97-99 ("Aus
Memphis, Juli 1902"), a few sentences on Memphis, a steamship trip
on the Mississippi, and objective notes on the Negro problem.
6. Heckmann, Johannes. In Nord-Americka und Asien, 1902-1903; Reise-
Eindrücke. Bonn, R. Schade, ca. 1903. 230 p. There is a one-page
note on Baltimore, with emphasis on heavy industry; two pages on
New Orleans, the French background of Louisiana, and Lake Pont-
chartrain; three pages on Florida, where the author visited Lake City,
St. Augustine, and Miami, with enthusiastic descriptions of the sub-
tropical landscape and some attention to agriculture; and, en route
north, a brief description of Richmond with historical notes on the
capital of the Confederacy.
7. Hintrager, Oscar. Wie lebt und arbeitet man in den Vereinigten
Staaten? Nordamerikanische Reiseskizzen. Berlin, F. Fontane, 1904.
291 p. Chapter IV ("Im Süden," p. 63-72) is a description of New
Orleans and Southern life in general, with emphasis on the race
problem in quite reasonable terms.
8. Jastrow, J. Bericht über eine volkswirtschaftliche Studienreise durch
Nordamerika. Berlin, George Reimer, 1904. p. 395-522. ("Sonderab-
druck aus dem Berliner Jahrbuch für Handel und Industrie," Jahr-
gang 1904, Band I) P. 395-418 contain a critical account of the
[90]
St. Louis World's Fair of 1904, praising the German educational
exhibits highly, but complaining about the size of the show in general.
On p. 517-519 there is an account of the legal and social disabilities
of the Negro.
9. Knauer, Hermann. Deutschland am Mississippi; neue Eindrücke und
Erlebnisse. Berlin, L. Oehmigke (R. Appelius), 1904. 184 p. Chapter
III (p. 53-64) provides a detailed account of the social and economic
role of the Germans in St. Louis, and most of the remainder of the
book describes German exhibits at the World's Fair.
10. Unruh, Conrad M. von. Amerika noch nicht am Ziele: Transger-
manische Reisestudien. Frankfurt/Main, Neuer Frankfurter Verlag,
1904. 210 p. On p. 196-210 there is a detailed description of the
exhibits at the St. Louis World's Fair.
11. Wadsack, A. Die Studienreise der Deutschen Landwirtschafts-
Gesellschaft nach Nord-Amerika: Reiseberichte, Eindrücke und
Betrachtungen. Zweite Auflage. Leipzig, Richard Carl Schmidt, 1904.
124 p. On p. 10-12 there is an enthusiastic account of the Bluegrass
("die schönsten Frauen, besten Pferde und der vorzgüglichste
Whiskey"); and in St. Louis (p. 12-14) Wadsack enjoyed Anheuser-
Busch's free beer as much as his Kentucky julep. He reports in full
on the layout of the brewery. On p. 14-17 there is a long description
of the Kansas City stockyards.
12. Willner, M. Landwirtschaftliche Gesellschaftsreise durch die Vereinig-
ten Staaten von Amerika. Reisebericht. Berlin, Deutsche Land-
wirtschaftsgesellschaft, 1904. 67 p. ("Arbeiten der Deutschen Land-
wirtschaftsgesellschaft," 89). On p. 10-13 there is a lyrical account
of the Bluegrass, including the stud farms and the Kentucky Agri-
cultural Experiment Station. On p. 13-15 there is an account of a
St. Louis brewery (probably Anheuser-Busch) and on p. 15-18 notes
on Kansas City in general and the slaughter-houses.
13. Zimmerman, Karl. Onkel Sam: Amerikanische Reise- und Kultur-
bilder. Zweite unveranderte Auflage. Stuttgart, Strecker und Schroder,
1904. 251 p. Chapter II (p. 70-108) deals largely with the South,
describing in detail the exploitation of Negroes, the hostility toward
the relatively few foreigners in the South, the German settlements in
Texas, Oklahoma, and the Indian elements of its population, and the
economics, demography, and climate of Texas. Zimmerman visited
Houston, Fort Worth, San Antonio, and El Paso. He was much
annoyed by the nascent prohibition movement.
14. Asmussen, G. Ein Besuch bei Uncle Sam. Dresden, C. V. Böhmert,
1905. 144 p. On p. 90-91 there is a colorful account of a trip on the
Mississippi from Alton to St. Louis; and on p. 96-104 there is a
patronizing account of the foibles and alleged good-natured laziness
of Negroes as the author observed them in St. Louis, Norfolk, and
Newport News. Racial injustice is treated most casually.
15. Beck, Carl. Amerikanische Streiflichter. Berlin, Leonhard Simion
Nachfolger, 1905. 246 p. Beck, a German-American physician of
New York, devotes one chapter to a medical congress held in con-
junction with the St. Louis World's Fair. He has special praise for
the exhibits of Johns Hopkins and St. Louis University.
16. Fritsch, William August. Aus Amerika; alte und neue Heimat. Star-
gard in Pommern, Wilhelm Prange, 1905. 82 p. Fritsch served in the
Civil War in the 136th Indiana Volunteer Regiment and invaded
the South by way of Louisville, Murfreesboro, and McMinnville.
[91]
There are brief notes on the latter two communities, but most of
the book deals with army life.
17. Gerstenberger, Liborius. Vom Steinberg zum Felsengebirg. Ein Aus-
flug in die neue Welt im Jahre der Weltausstellung von St. Louis 1904.
Würzburg, W. Bauch, 1905. 292 p. There is a pedestrian description
of the St. Louis World's Fair on p. 168-198; a rather informative
account of the Germans in St. Louis, especially emphasizing the
religious life of Bavarian Catholics, on p. 198-213; observations on tax
problems in St. Louis and notes on Kansas City on p. 213-220.
18. Huth, Friedrich. Vom Rheim zum Mississippi. Reisebriefe von Fred
Hood (pseud.) Pössneck in Thüringen, Bruno Feigenspan, ca. 1905.
279 p. On p. 136-165 there is a full account of the St. Louis World's
Fair with additional notes on the manners and customs of the people
and on industry (especially Anheuser-Busch). He is indifferent to a
rather grave racial incident.
19. Ottmann, Victor. Rund um die Welt. Berlin, August Scherl, 1905.
184 p. There are fleeting impressions of El Paso as the gateway to
Mexico on p. 50-52.
20. Polenz, Wilhelm von. Das Land der Zukunft. Sechste Auflage. Berlin,
F. Fontane, 1905. 420 p. Polenz deals with the race question on
p. 142-150, 357-369, pointing out the low economic and social position
of the Negro everywhere, but especially in the Deep South. He felt
the Negro's deficiencies lay in his character rather than his intellect.
21. Renz, Hugo. Eine Reise nach den Vereinigten Staaten bei Anlass der
Weltausstellung. Basel, Buchdruckerei G. Krebs, 1905. P. 27-77.
("Bericht der Realschule zu Basel," 1904-1905. Beilage.) On p. 47-
64 there is a full account of the St. Louis World's Fair, with detailed
descriptions of the exhibits, glimpses of St. Louis itself, and an his-
torical sketch of the city.
22. Zabel, Eugen. Bunte Briefe aus Amerika. Berlin, Georg Stilke, 1905.
288 p. On p. 113-256 there is a detailed account of the St. Louis
World's Fair, with a few brief impressions of the city as an exuberant
and growing community.
23. Bahr, Max. Reise-Berichte über Amerika. Landsberg an der Warthe,
Fr. Schäffer, 1906. 252 p. There are cursory descriptions of St. Louis
(p. 79-85), the countryside between St. Louis and Laredo (p. 86-79),
via Missouri, Arkansas, and Texas. On p. 227-228 there is a short
note on the public schools of St. Louis.
24. Baumgartner, Andreas. Erinnerungen aus Amerika. Zürich, Orell
Füssli, 1906. 221 p. On p. 149-163 there is an account of the Tuskegee
Institute and Booker T. Washington. His data seem to come mainly
from the U. S. Bureau of Education.
25. Lamprecht, Karl. Americana: Reiseeindrücke, Betrachtungen, ge-
schichtliche Gesamtansicht. Freiburg im Breisgau, Hermann Hey-
felder, 1906. 147 p. Lamprecht, a noted historian, visited Richmond,
Virginia, and some nearby Civil War battlefields (p. 49 only).
26. Pfister, Albrecht. Nach Amerika im Dienste Friedrich Schillers; der
Völkerfreundschaft gewidmet. Stuttgart, J. G. Cotta'sche Buchhand-
lung Nachfolger, 1906. 170 p. On p. 40-47 there is an account of
activities at Johns Hopkins University on 29 April 1904 in anticipa-
tion of the centennial of Schiller's death, with references to the
Germanophile attitudes of the Johns Hopkins faculty and the people
of Baltimore.
[92]
27. Craemer, Curt. Aus meiner Wanderzeit. Reiseeindrücke eines jungen
Kaufmanns in Süd-Afrika, Indien, Ceylon, Singapore, Java, China,
Japan, Australien, Neuseeland, Samoa, Hawaii, den Vereinigten
Staaten und Canada. 100,000 Kilometer zu Wasser und zu Lande.
Zweite veränderte Auflage. Berlin, D. Reimer, 1907. 357 p. On
p. 347-348 there is a hasty description of the physical appearance of
Nashville.
28. Nölting, Otto Wilhelm. Unter dem Sternenbanner: 5 Jahre im Lande
des Dollars. Zweite illustrierte Auflage. Hannover, Fr. Rehtmeyer,
1907. 64 p. Nölting visited Lexington, Missouri, and Little Rock,
and there are short accounts of a near-lynching in the former (p. 25-
26) and of racial segregation in the latter (p. 51-52).
29. Wilda, Johannes, Amerika-Wanderungen eines Deutschen. 2: Auf
dem Kontinent der Mitte (zwischen Alaska und Peru). Zweite
Auflage. Berlin, Allgemeiner Verein für deutsche Literatur. 339 p. On
p. 71-78 there is a factual account of El Paso from the tourist's view-
point. The first and third volumes of this work deal with South
America.
30. Zagel, Hermann H. Reisebilder aus den Vereinigten Staaten. St.
Louis, Missouri, Louis Lange, ca. 1907. 359 p. Zagel, a German-
American of St. Louis had a remarkably keen sense for scenery and
folkways in the Mississippi Valley from St. Louis to New Orleans
(p. 181-268). In the course of a trip on a river steamer he made
stops at various points in all the river states and visited Mammoth
Cave in Kentucky.
31. Emch, Arnold, and Emch, Hermann. Reise- und Kulturbilder aus den
Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika, insbesondere aus dem "Fernen
Westen." Eine Sammlung von Studien. Aarau, H. R. Sauerländer,
1908. 272 p. On p. 36-42 there is a comprehensive account of the
Armour Plant in Kansas City, and the city itself is described briefly
on p. 44-46.
32. Hesse-Wartegg, Ernst von. Amerika als neuste Weltmacht der In-
dustrie; neue Bilder aus Handel, Industrie und Verkehr in den
Vereinigten Staaten. Stuttgart, Union deutsche Verlagsgesellschaft,
1908. 416 p. Chapter XXXIII (p. 374-382) deals with the cultiva-
tion of cotton and outlines the process by which the cotton processing
industry was gradually moving south. Specific places visited by von
Hesse-Wartegg are not mentioned.
33. Skal, Georg von. Das amerikanische Volk. Berlin, Egon Fleischel,
1908. 336 p. The author does not mention the places he visited, but
Chapter XV (p. 265-296) has statistical, historical, and sociological
data on the race question. He says that more heat than light has
been shed on this issue.
34. Vay von Vaya, Adam. Nach Amerika in einem Auswandererschiffe:
Das innere Leben der Vereinigten Staaten. Berlin, Gebrüder Paetel,
1908. 318 p. On p. 135-145 Vay von Vaya reports on the current
economic and social status of the Negro and approves segregation as
a means of avoiding racial conflict. Still he questions the exclusion
of Negroes from all white society.
35. Bluth, Hugo. Wandervögel. Bilder und Gedanken aus Amerika und
China. Berlin, Wilhelm Weicher, 1910. 167 p. The first fifty-eight
pages of this book deal with Rev. Bluth's experiences as a tutor in
Florida, with notes on first impressions of America (Charleston harbor
[93]
and Jacksonville), the countryside and the people, the phosphate
industry, the language, hunting stories, and the Negro. Observations
are dull, descriptions poor.
36. Werner, Max. Amerikafieber; Licht- und Schattenbilder aus dem
Lande der Wolkenkratzer. Leipzig, Verlag für Literatur, Kunst und
Musik, 1910. 160 p. On p. 55-68 there is a general topographical
description of St. Louis, an account of the German element, and a
report on the great breweries. P. 69-106 contain an account of life
in a small Arkansas community, Litville.
37. Carlé, Erwin Rosen. Der deutsche Lausbub in Amerika; Erinnerungen
und Eindrücke. Zweite Auflage. Stuttgart, Robert Lutz, 1911. 3
vols. This is the rollicking tale of a picaro in Florida, Texas, Okla-
homa, and St. Louis. During his stay in Texas (vol. I, p. 69-157) he
devoted much attention to studying the eccentricities of Texas char-
acter and the peculiarities of the Texan way of life. Carle saw only
those aspects of the South which were as picturesque and flamboyant
as his own mercurial personality and ignored the more serious sides of
Southern life.
38. Lenk, Margarete (Klee). Fünfzehn Jahre in Amerika. Dritte Auflage.
Zwickau, Johannes Herrmann, 1911. 144 p. This is a pedestrian
account of a German-American housewife's life in St. Louis.
39. Konen, Heinrich Mathias. Reisebilder van einer Studienreise durch
Sternwarten und Laboratorien der Vereinigten Staaten. Köln, J. P.
Bachem, 1912. 114 p. There are notes on Washington and Baltimore
on p. 97-105, with an account of a hotel for politicians in the former
city and on Cardinal Gibbons and Johns Hopkins University in the
latter. There are a few superficial observations on Negroes.
40. Rautenberg Garcynski, Paul von. Weltrundreise-Erinnerungen. Hild-
burghausen, Thüringische Verlags-Anstalt, 1912. 471 p. On p. 416-
422 there is an account of a trip from El Paso to New Orleans via
San Antonio. There is an objective account of the Negro problem
and of Tuskegee Institute.
41. Fünf Wochen im Osten der Vereinigten Staaten und Kanadas: Rei-
seerinnerungen von einem, der seinen Bruder besuchte. Berlin, A.
Francke, 1913. 124 p. On p. 98-99 the anonymous author gives a
short description of Mount Vernon and the history of the mansion.
42. Marcks, Erich. Historische and akademische Eindrücke aus Nord-
Amerika. Eine hamburgische Abschiedsrede. Leipzig, Quell und
Meyer, 1913. 55 p. Marcks, a German history professor who spent
some time at Cornell, visited Mount Vernon (p. 18) and Richmond,
Virginia (p. 18-21), and recorded a few historical notes on each place.
43. International Association of Chambers of Commerce and Commercial
and Industrial Associations. Amerikafahrt der deutschen Teilnehmer
am Bostoner Internationalen Handelskammerkongress September-
Oktober 1912. Im Auftrag der deutschen Kongressteilnehmer ver-
fasst von Dr. Ernest Klien. Berlin, W. Büxenstein, 1914. 140 p.
There is a sentimental description of Mount Vernon on p. 126-127.
44. Legien, Carl R. Aus Amerikas Arbeiterbewegung. Berlin, Verlag der
Generalkommission der Gewerkschaften Deutschland, 1914. 203 p.
Legien, a prominent socialist and trade union official, found con-
siderable strength on the part of organized labor in St. Louis (p. 63-
66). In Kansas City (p. 67-68) he found very poor living conditions
for Armour workers, especially the Negroes.
45. Ravenschlag, G. Bei Uncle Sam auj Besuch: Bilder einer Amerika-
[94]
reise. Witten/Ruhr, Westdeutscher Lutherverlag, 1914. 171 p. On
the basis of his visit in St. Louis, Ravenschlag generalizes on social,
educational, political, religious, and economic conditions in the United
States in the last hundred pages of his book. On p. 78-79 he comments
on the race problem and urges mutual tolerance. On p. 128-136
there is a particularly informative chapter on the farm life of a rural
German-American somewhere south of St. Louis.
46. Holitscher, Arthur. Das amerikanische Gesicht. Berlin, S. Fischer,
1916. 163 p. ("Sammlung von Schriften zur Zeitgeschichte," 20.)
On p. 76-81 there is an account of an exhibition on child welfare that
was presented in Kansas City. This book is a reprint of individual
chapters of Holitscher's Amerika heute und morgen (infra, no. 48).
47. Rohrbach, Paul. Weltpolitisches Wanderbuch 1897-1915, Königstein
im Taunus, Karl Robert Langewiesche, 1916. 305 p. On p. 243-245
there is a short and uninspired description of New Orleans dated
16 September 1913.
48. Holitscher, Arthur. Amerika heute und morgen. Reiseerlebnisse.
Berlin, S. Fischer, 1919. 414 p. On p. 272-277 there is a light account
of life in Kansas City with a description of a child welfare exhibition
(supra, no. 46); on p. 346 there is a short notice on Mount Vernon;
also a few non-committal observations on the race problem.
49. Strub, Erwin. Im Weltkriege nach Amerika: Eindrücke eines Schweizer
Journalisten. Basel, Druck und Verlag der National-Zeitung, 1919.
222 p. "Ein Nationalheiligtum" (p. 80-83) contains a description of
the estate and mansion at Mount Vernon.
50. Spiller, Else. Tagebuchblätter von einer Studienreise nach Nord-
Amerika. Kilchberg-Zürich, Schweizerischer Verband "Volksdienst,"
1920. 196 p. On p. 130-131 there are reports of visits to the Lee
Mansion at Arlington, Virginia, and to the National Cemetery.
51. Frenssen, Gustav. Briefe aus Amerika. Berlin, Grote'sche Verlags-
buchhandlung, 1923. 187 p. Frenssen, a well known writer, visited
the German-American community in St. Louis and described the
city in a lively style but with coverage of the traditional guide-book.
52. Zurbuchen, R. Kreuz und quer durch Nordamerika in den Jahren
1915-1919. Zweite Auflage. Bern, Paul Haupt, 1923. 284 p. Zur-
buchen travelled extensively in the South. He has detailed accounts
of social and economic life as well as on history and picturesque
folkways (e. g., feuding and moonshining in the Kentucky mountains)
in Kansas City, St. Louis, Kentucky, Nashville, Chattanooga, Atlanta,
Savannah, Jacksonville, St. Augustine, Orlando, Tampa, St. Peters- |